RESISTED EXERCISE IN CARDIAC REHABILITATION AFTER CARDIAC SURGERY (A REVIEW ARTICLE)

ABSTRACT
Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as the pathological process characterized by atherosclerotic plaque accumulation in the cardiac arteries. Coronary syndromes are a range of clinical presentations or syndromes that arise due to structural and/or functional alterations related to chronic diseases of the coronary arteries and/or microcirculation. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is the main treatment for CAD when medicines or percutaneous procedures are not enough to revert symptoms. Over the past 10 years, the use of more durable grafts, aiming to minimize injuries to the patients, brought a progressive improvement to this surgical procedure.
Following cardiac surgery there are variable changes in important indicators of musculoskeletal and cardiorespiratory function (handgrip strength, lung function) due to inflammatory deconditioning which may lead to a concomitant decrease in health-related quality of life (HRQoL).
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) has been established as an effective, multidisciplinary approach to enhance physical and psychosocial recovery following cardiac surgery. Phase I CR initiated during hospitalization, focuses on early mobilization, respiratory exercises.
Resistance training (RT) has emerged as an essential component of CR, offering benefits that extend beyond those of aerobic exercise alone. Early postoperative resistance exercise is both safe and feasible and contributes to the prevention and reversal of sarcopenia, improved muscle adaptation, and enhanced circulatory efficiency. Furthermore, it has been shown to reduce inflammation, improve psychological well-being, and enhance quality of life (QOL) in post-CABG patients