Document Type : Original Article
Abstract
Highlights
CONCLUSION
In the current study, it could be concluded that, under Egyptian calcareous soil conditions, using inoculation with specific rhizobia in combination with different farms of organic fertilizers (compost and / or compost tea) in presences of rational dose (1/3N) of mineral nitrogen fertilizers led to enhancement growth stage and increased yield per fad, as well as yield quality of soybean plants. Moreover, application of organic and bio fertilizers led to reduced the cost of crops production and producing safe crop in addition to preserve the environment.
Main Subjects
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Salwa A. A. Hassanen(1) and H. H. Abotaleb(2)
1- Central Lab. of Organic Agriculture, ARC, Giza , Egypt.
2- Microbial. Res. Dept, Soil, Water and Environment Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt.
1- Email – salwahassanen@yahoo.com
ABSTRACT
Two field experiment were layout in the calcareous soils of privet farm, Behera Government, Egypt during the two summer seasons (2019 and 2020) to evaluate the response of two soybean varieties (Giza 111, Giza 22) to organic and bio fertilizers as well as to replacement part of using mineral nitrogen fertilizers and inoculated with specific bradyrhizobium japonicum with two levels of compost (6 and 9 ton per fad) or with two rate of compost tea (5 and 10 L per fad) in presence of rational nitrogen mineral fertilizer (20 k N per fad). The obtained results revealed that application of organic and bio fertilizers + 20 kg N fad did support plant growth parameters and led to scored higher values for plant height, number of branches, plant dry weight, number and dry weight of nodules and N, P and K plant contents (%), as well as earliest in flowering days. The best treatments comparison with recommended (N, P and K ) at treatment of applying compost tea in the two rates of organic fertilizer in presence of bio fertilizer with 20 kg N per fad were obtained significantly increased and gave the highest values for number. of pods per plant (75.2 – 68.3), seed yield per plant (24.8 – 18.7 g), 100-seed weight (16.4 – 13.4 g) and seed yield per fad (1.740 – 1.335 ton) for variety Giza 111 and Giza 22, respectively. Variety Giza 111 was superior as in all studied characters compared to Giza 22 variety.
INTRODUCTION
Soybean (Glycine max ) is considered one of the most important crop as a source of edible oil as well as protein. In Egypt, soybean using as a food and fodder crop rather than oil seed crop. Most of the newly cultivated lands in Egypt are mainly sandy and calcareous soils, which are very poor in organic matter and plant nutrients. Under Egyptian conditions, a great attention is being devoted to reduce the high rates of mineral fertilizers, the cost of production and decrease environmental pollution via reducing of chemical fertilizers by using bio and organic farming system. Organic farming systems aiming to enhance biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity, so as achieve optimal natural systems that are socially ecological and economically sustainable. Application of organic and /or biofertilizers frequency recommended firstly for improving biological physical and chemical properties of soil and secondary to get high and clean agricultural yield produced free from undesirable high doses of heavy metals and other pollutants (Nejadkoorki, 2012 and FAO, 2013). Many workers reported that application of biofertilizer alone or in combination with organic fertilizer to various legume plants led to significant (P ≥ or equal 0.05) effect as compared to untreated ones where increased yield, crude protein content (%) and oil content (%). Saleh et al. (2010) reported that inoculated soybean plants with Rhizobium gave higher values at plant dry weight, plant N- content as well as seed yield as compared to uninoculated treatment. Sujanya and Chandra (2011) found that either organic fertilizers alone or with biofertilizer plus ⅓ mineral fertilizers dose significantly increased ground growth and yield parameters (plant dry weight, N, P and K uptake, seed yield, protein content and oil content of peanut). Mahrous et al. (2015) found that using both bio and organic fertilizers did enhancement the growth and increased significantly seed yield and seed protein and oil content (%) of groundnut plants as compared to untreated ones. Ragheb et al. (2015) showed that application of bio and organic fertilizers in presences of 15 kg N per fad gave higher values at all tested parameters as compared to the treatment which received full dose of mineral fertilizers as such among the three soybean cultivars tested.
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MATERIALS AND METHODS
A field experiment was layout in the calcareous soils of privet farm, Behera governorate, Egypt, during the two successive summer seasons (2019 and 2020) to estimate the response of soybean plants to bio and organic fertilization under calcareous soil conditions. Mechanical, chemical and physical properties of the experimental were found in Table (1) according to Jackson (1973). The Seeds of the two soybean varieties namely Giza 111 and Giza 22 were planted on 7 and 12 May for 1st and 2nd seasons respectively. Seed Kindly provided by Food Legumes Res. Dept., Field Crops Res. Inst., ARC, Giza , Egypt.
Systems were; Fertilizers A. biofertilizer mixed inoculament of the two Bradyrhizobium japonicum (strain USD Allo and UK 3407) was used as seed inoculation method at rate of 4g / 100 g seed (Abotaleb, 1998). Bacterial strains were Kindly, obtained by Agricultural Microb. Dept. Soil, water and environment Res. Inst. ARC.
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B2 – Compost tea, was applied at rate of 5 and 10 liter per fad as foliar application two times 30 and 60 days after planting (Mousa et al., 2006 and Nasef et al., 2009).
C- Mineral fertilizers: superphosphate fertilizer (15.5% P2O5) was applied at rate of 200 kg per fad, Potassium sulphate (48% K2O) was applied at rate of 50 kg per fad and ammonium sulphate (20.5% N) was applied at the two rates of 60 kg per fad as full N- dose and 20 kg N per fad as rational dose.
Table (1): Physical and chemical properties of the experimental soil.
|
Property |
Value |
|
Particular size distribution % Sand Silt Clay |
54.30 25.10 20.60 |
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Texture grade Texturation percent (S.P %) CaCO3 pH (soil past) E.C dsm-1, at 25 oC |
Sandy 10 an 26.00 18.80 8.51 0.84 |
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Soluble cations (meq L -1) Ca++ Mg ++ Na+ K+ |
5.59 1.55 4.21 0.14 |
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Soluble anions (meq L -1) CO3- HCO3- Cl- SO4- Total – N% Total soluble – N (mg Kg -1) Available – P (mg Kg -1) Available – K (mg Kg -1) Organic matter % |
0.0 2.41 3.98 2.10 0.15 16.40 3.40 127.00 0.21 |
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DTPA – extractable (mg Kg -1) Fe Mn Zn Cu |
0.61 0.46 0.18 0.09 |
DTPA: Di- ethylene tri-amine ponta acetic acid soil classification Haplocalcids (calcareous soil)
Soil analyzed by laboratory of soil fertility. Soil, water and environment Res. Inst. ARC.
|
|
Property |
Analysis |
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Balk density (Kg/m2) Water holding capacity (%) pH (1:10 extract) E.C. (ds/m) Organic carbon (%) Organic matter (%) Total N (%) C/N ratio Total - phosphorus (%) Total - potassium (%) Total – soluble – N (PPM) Available – P (PPM) Available – K (PPM) |
637.0 285 7.85 4.37 32.15 55.20 1.58 18.75 1.17 2.01 734.5 283.1 847.3 |
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DTPA – extractable (PPM) Fe Mn Zn Cu |
235.7 49.37 67.4 5.7 |
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Total – count of bacteria (CFU g-1) Total – count of fungi (CFU g-1) Total – count of Actinomycetes (CFU g-1) |
5.7 1.8 2.7 |
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Nematode Weed Seed Germnotiantest of cress seed (%) |
NiL NiL 91% |
Compost analyzed by laboratory of soil fertility. Soil, water and environment Res. Inst. ARC.
Table (3): Chemical analysis of compost tea.
|
EC |
PH |
C |
O.M. |
N |
P |
K |
Fe |
Mn |
Zn |
Cu |
|
(dsm-1) |
% |
(mg kg-1) |
||||||||
|
|
7.63 |
12.0 |
30.0 |
1.85 |
0.56 |
2.41 |
129 |
78.0 |
55.0 |
32.0 |
Compost analyzed by laboratory of soil fertility. Soil, water and environment Res. Inst. ARC.
Six treatments with 3 replications were allocated in a split plot, the main plots included soybean varieties whereas the fertilization treatments were assigned at random to – sub – plots and each plot consisted of six ridges, 60 cm apart and 3 meters long (1\389 fed). The description of the six tried treatments was;
T1 – Uninoculated (The recommended NPK, 60 kg N per fad, 15.5% P2O5 and 48% K2O) as control.
T2 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad
T3 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 6 ton compost per fad (15.43 kg per plot)
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T5 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 5 liter compost tea per fad
T6 – Inoculated + 20 kg N fad + 10 liter compost tea per fad
Plant sample were under taken at 75 days after planting (DAP) to assess the following parameters:
1- Plant dry weight (g)
2- N, P and K contents (%) were determined according to AOCA (2005).
3- Number and dry weight of nodules.
Data of number of days to 50 % flowering were recorded for each plot.
At harvest, ten guarded plants were randomly harvested from the four central rows of each experimental plot to determine the following characters:
1- Plant height (cm)
2- Number of branches per plant
3- Number of pods per plant
4- Seed yield per plant (g)
The middle four rows of each plot with 10.5 m2 area were harvested to determine the following characters:
1- 100 – seed weight (g)
2- Seed yield per fad (ton)
Statistical analysis: Data were subjected to an analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference test (L.S.D.) at P < 0.05 were computed according to Snedecor and Cochran (1980) by using (MSTAT) program.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Growth stage characters:
Plant height and number of branches:
Results in Table (4) reveal that application various organic fertilizer treatments in combination with inoculated soybean plants led to significant increases in both soybean varieties during the two seasons for plant height and number of branches with higher values for Giza 111 during the 2nd season for both characters as compared to Giza 22 (V2) in the 1st season and these values were 112.4 cm and 3.2 and 115.9 cm and 3.5 for plant height and number of branches, respectively. The treatment which received compost tea at rate of 10 L per fad and 20 kg N per fad in combination with inoculated soybean plants with bradyrihizobium bacteria gave higher values as compared to other tested treatments. But no significant differences were found as compared to applied the full mineral fertilizers as reported by Tilak et al. (2005), Han et al. (2007) and Dey et al. (2004).
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In table (5). Results should that the four treatments T3,T4,T5 and T6 were significantly superior in plant dry weight, the values were (35.61 , 41..91, 45.25 and 49.18 gm) and (40.32, 47.35, 51.22 and 54.27 gm) in 1st season and 2nd season, respectively as compared to untreated plants (T1) gave (32.21 and 33.63 gm) in the same order . While not significant between the two varieties. The interaction between the varieties, the treatments, the variety G.111 gave the highest values at T6 were (52.88 and 57.43 gm) in 1st season and 2nd season, respectively. And were the least values for G.22 (25.11 and 25. 48 gm) at T2 in the 1st season and 2nd season, respectively These results are in agreement with Vessy (2003), Rizk et al. (2006), Hamdi et al. ( 2012 ), Awad et al. (2010) and Rughuim and Abdelgani ( 2012) . Number of days to flowering was not affected by each of organic and bio fertilizer treatments as show in Table (5). However the significant response was recorded for the two tested varieties. The cultivar G 22 was earlier than the other one. The interaction between cultivar and the treatment of organic and bio fertilizer were not significant and scored less number of days to flowering as compared to uninoculated treatment (Rashed et al. 2011 and Shabani et al.,2011).
Table (4): Plant height (cm) and no. of branches of two soybean varieties as affected by fertilizer treatments in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
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Trait
Treatment |
Plant height (cm) |
No. of branches |
||||||||||
|
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
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G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
|
|
T1 |
118.7 |
103.4 |
111.1 |
119.8 |
105.6 |
112.7 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.3 |
3.8 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
|
T2 |
112.8 |
100.4 |
106.6 |
115.2 |
101.2 |
108.2 |
3.1 |
2.7 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
|
T3 |
110.3 |
97.6 |
103.9 |
113.6 |
100.0 |
100.7 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.6 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
|
T4 |
110.5 |
95.4 |
102.9 |
112.9 |
98.7 |
105.8 |
3.1 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
3.4 |
2.9 |
3.2 |
|
T5 |
112.2 |
98.6 |
105.4 |
116.1 |
100.7 |
108.4 |
3.1 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
3.4 |
3.2 |
3.3 |
|
T6 |
113.4 |
101.2 |
107.3 |
118.0 |
103.4 |
110.7 |
3.3 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
|
112.9 |
99.4 |
106.2 |
115.9 |
101.6 |
107.8 |
3.2 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
3.5 |
3.1 |
3.3 |
|
|
L.S.D. 0.05 (T) (V) (T X V) |
4.69 2.75 5.31 |
4.33 2.81 5.10 |
0.17 0.11 0.23 |
0.15 0.09 0.26 |
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T1 – 100 % NPK, T2 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad , T3 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 6 ton compost per fad, T4 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 9 ton compost per fad,
T5 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 5 liter compost tea per fad and T6 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 10 liter compost tea per fad.
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Trait
Treatment |
Plant dry weight |
No. of days to flowering |
||||||||||
|
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
|||||||||
|
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
|
|
T1 |
32.51 |
31.91 |
32.21 |
33.85 |
33.41 |
33.63 |
38.2 |
32.5 |
35.4 |
38.5 |
31.4 |
34.9 |
|
T2 |
28.71 |
25.11 |
26.91 |
31.52 |
25.48 |
28.50 |
36.1 |
31.8 |
33.9 |
35.2 |
30.6 |
32.9 |
|
T3 |
38.11 |
33.11 |
35.61 |
42.71 |
37.92 |
40.32 |
36.4 |
32.2 |
34.3 |
35.6 |
30.1 |
32.9 |
|
T4 |
43.11 |
40.70 |
41.91 |
52.33 |
43.17 |
47.35 |
36.6 |
34.3 |
35.3 |
34.2 |
32.1 |
33.2 |
|
T5 |
51.33 |
39.17 |
45.25 |
54.77 |
47.67 |
51.22 |
37.0 |
31.6 |
34.3 |
34.6 |
31.0 |
32.8 |
|
T6 |
52.88 |
45.47 |
49.18 |
57.43 |
57.11 |
54.27 |
37.1 |
31.7 |
34.4 |
34.3 |
30.3 |
32.3 |
|
41.11 |
35.92 |
38.51 |
45.44 |
40.79 |
43.12 |
36.9 |
32.4 |
34.6 |
35.4 |
30.9 |
33.2 |
|
|
L.S.D. 0.05 (T) (V) (T X V) |
16.72 N.S 19.54 |
15.83 N.S 18.95 |
n.s 1.78 n.s |
n.s 1.82 n.s |
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T1 – 100 % NPK, T2 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad , T3 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 6 ton compost per fad, T4 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 9 ton compost per fad,
T5 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 5 liter compost tea per fad and T6 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 10 liter compost tea per fad.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium content (N, P and K %) :-
Results in table 6 reveal that Inoculated soybean plants in combination with two levels of compost (6 and 9 ton per fad) or the two rates of compost tea (5 and 10 L per fad) in presence of 20 kg N per fad gave the higher values For N- content were (3.26, 3.53, 3.85 and 3.97) and (3.48, 3.67, 4.03 and 4.23%) in 1st season and 2nd season, as compared to untreated plants T1, the values were (2.99 and 3.11 %) in the same Order. while not significant between the two varieties. the interactions between the varieties and treatments G.111 gave the highest values at T5 and T6 (4.01 and 4.27%) in the 1st season and 2nd season and the least values were (2.43 and 2.75 %) for G.22 in the 1st season and 2nd season, respectively. The same trend was for plants P and K – contents %. as reported by Das and Singh (2014 ) and El – Sheikh et al. (2009).
From the above mentioned results, the growth stage characters of soybean plants ,plant height, number of branches, plant dry weight, N, P and K % and flowering days were affected by application of bio-organic fertilizers treatments and gave positive response and scored higher values as compared to applied the mineral fertilizers. These results are in harmony with those obtained by Abdel-Wahab et al. (2005), , Kandil et al. (2008), Gomaa et al. (2010), Heidarian et al. (2011) and Mahfouz and Sharaf-Eldin (2007), who reported that using bio and organic fertilizers in combination with different levels of mineral fertilizer led to enhancement the most vegetative growth parameters of plant and gave positive effect on plant height, number of branches, dry weight of plant and N, P and k contents … atc, and scored higher values as compared to untreated treatments.
Table (6): Nitrogen, Phosphorus and potassium contents (%) of two soybean varieties as affected by fertilizer treatments (75 days after sowing) in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
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Trait
Treatment |
Nitrogen percentage (%) |
Plant Phosphorus (P %) |
Plant potassium (K %) |
|||||||||||||||
|
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
|||||||||||||
|
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
|
|
T1 |
2.99 |
2.98 |
2.99 |
3.11 |
3.10 |
3.11 |
0.77 |
0.72 |
0.75 |
0.79 |
0.76 |
0.78 |
2.96 |
2.91 |
2.94 |
3.11 |
3.01 |
3.06 |
|
T2 |
2.84 |
2.43 |
2.64 |
2.87 |
2.75 |
2.81 |
0.70 |
0.68 |
0.69 |
0.75 |
0.70 |
0.73 |
2.88 |
2.47 |
2.68 |
3.01 |
2.83 |
2.92 |
|
T3 |
3.41 |
3.11 |
3.26 |
3.51 |
3.45 |
3.48 |
0.84 |
0.76 |
0.80 |
0.91 |
0.80 |
0.85 |
3.11 |
2.96 |
3.04 |
3.17 |
3.16 |
3.17 |
|
T4 |
3.55 |
3.50 |
3.53 |
3.67 |
3.67 |
3.67 |
0.88 |
0.82 |
0.85 |
0.91 |
0.88 |
0.90 |
3.45 |
3.12 |
3.29 |
3.63 |
3.57 |
3.60 |
|
T5 |
4.01 |
3.68 |
3.85 |
4.11 |
3.95 |
4.03 |
0.91 |
0.85 |
0.88 |
0.98 |
0.91 |
0.94 |
3.74 |
3.40 |
3.57 |
3.86 |
3.82 |
3.84 |
|
T6 |
3.99 |
3.95 |
3.97 |
4.27 |
4.18 |
4.23 |
0.92 |
0.87 |
0.90 |
0.96 |
0.96 |
0.98 |
3.98 |
3.77 |
3.88 |
4.35 |
3.95 |
4.15 |
|
3.47 |
3.28 |
3.38 |
3.59 |
3.52 |
3.56 |
0.84 |
0.78 |
0.81 |
0.88 |
0.84 |
0.86 |
3.35 |
3.11 |
3.23 |
3.52 |
3.39 |
3.45 |
|
|
L.S.D. 0.05 (T) (V) (T X V) |
0.73 N.S 0.41 |
0.77 N.S 0.43 |
N.S N.S N.S |
0.23 N.S 0.28 |
0.67 N.S 0.72 |
0.64 N.S 0.68 |
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T1 – 100 % NPK, T2 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad , T3 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 6 ton compost per fad, T4 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 9 ton compost per fad, T5 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 5 liter compost tea per fad and T6 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 10 liter compost tea per fad.
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Number and dry weight of nodules:-
The number and dry weight of nodules developed on the roots of soybean plants 75 days after sowing are presented in table (7). Results showed that uninoculated plants (T1) were poorly nodulated as they had 7 and 10 nodules / plant with dry weight of 24.99 and 35.69 mg / plant in the 1st season and 2st season, respectively. This was due to the establishment of native rhizobia in the experimental soils. Inoculation of combination with rhizobia and compost tea at the two rate 5 and 10 L. Per fad (T5 and T6) recorded the highest values (44 and 25 nodules/ plant) with dry weight 218.14 and 255.33 mg/plant in 1st season and (66 and 76 nodules/ plant) with dry weight 324.74 and 371.84 mg / plant in 2nd season. This could be due to the stimulating effect of rhizobacteria , which encouraged growth of bacteria in the rhizosphere , as reported by Abotaleb et al. (2008), Badawi et al. (2011), Rizk et al (2011) and Bai et al (2002).
Table (7): Number and dry weight of nodules for the two soybean varieties as affected by fertilizer treatments (75 days after sowing) in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
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Trait
Treatment |
Number of nodules per plant |
Dry weight of nodules (m/plant) |
||||||||||
|
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
|||||||||
|
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
|
|
T1 |
8 |
6 |
7 |
11 |
9 |
10 |
28.56 |
21.42 |
24.99 |
39.27 |
32.13 |
35.69 |
|
T2 |
17 |
14 |
16 |
23 |
18 |
21 |
72.37 |
59.60 |
65.99 |
97.91 |
76.62 |
87.27 |
|
T3 |
37 |
32 |
35 |
49 |
41 |
45 |
183.44 |
158.66 |
171.05 |
242.93 |
203.27 |
223.10 |
|
T4 |
42 |
36 |
39 |
56 |
53 |
55 |
208.22 |
178.48 |
193.36 |
277.64 |
262.76 |
270.20 |
|
T5 |
47 |
41 |
44 |
68 |
63 |
66 |
233.02 |
203.27 |
218.14 |
337.13 |
312.34 |
324.74 |
|
T6 |
53 |
50 |
52 |
78 |
72 |
76 |
262.76 |
247.89 |
255.33 |
386.71 |
356.96 |
371.84 |
|
34 |
30 |
32 |
48 |
43 |
46 |
164.73 |
144.89 |
154.81 |
230.27 |
207.35 |
218.81 |
|
|
L.S.D. 0.05 (T) (V) (T X V) |
5.72 2.48 7.80 |
5.81 2.59 7.92 |
67.11 18.90 83.15 |
71.62 21.53 86.25 |
||||||||
T1 – 100 % NPK, T2 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad , T3 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 6 ton compost per fad, T4 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 9 ton compost per fad, T5 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 5 liter compost tea per fad and T6 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 10 liter compost tea per fad.
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Harvest stage character:
Yield characters:
The number of pods per plant, 100-seed weight , seed yield per plant (g) and seed yield per fad (ton), are shown in Tables (8 and 9). The obtained results indicated that variety Giza 111 (V1) gave higher values and recorded significant differences for pods number, 100-seed weight ,seed yield per plant and seed yield per fad (ton) as compared to those values scored by variety Giza 22 (V2), among the two tested seasons with values were 62.1, 15.4 , 17.9 and 1.278 at 1st season and 65.1, 15.7 , 19.4 and 1.430 at 2nd Season for number of pods per plant 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant (g). Were as the corresponding values for G.22 at V2 were 53.7, 12.9 , 13.5 and 1.006 and 57.1, 13.1 , 15.0 and 1.089 in the same order. Application of bio and organic fertilizers + 20 kg N per fad led to scored significant increases as compared to applied full dose of number N, P and K fertilizers with highest values for number of pods, 100-seed weight and seed yield per plant (g) were found at the treatments which received compost tea at rate 5 and 10 L per fad in the both tested seasons.
Table (8): Number of pods per plant and 100-seed (g) of the two soybean varieties as affected by fertilizer treatments in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
|
Trait
Treatment |
Number of pods per plant |
100-seed weight (g) |
||||||||||
|
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
|||||||||
|
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
|
|
T1 |
67.6 |
60.4 |
64.0 |
71.4 |
61.2 |
66.3 |
14.9 |
12.8 |
13.9 |
15.2 |
13.2 |
14.2 |
|
T2 |
51.6 |
41.8 |
46.7 |
52.5 |
46.2 |
49.4 |
15.1 |
12.3 |
13.7 |
15.3 |
12.5 |
13.9 |
|
T3 |
57.3 |
48.2 |
52.8 |
60.5 |
52.6 |
56.5 |
15.3 |
12.4 |
13.9 |
15.4 |
12.8 |
14.1 |
|
T4 |
55.2 |
48.3 |
51.8 |
58.8 |
51.7 |
55.3 |
15.5 |
12.7 |
14.1 |
15.7 |
13.3 |
14.5 |
|
T5 |
70.6 |
57.8 |
64.2 |
72.3 |
61.4 |
66.9 |
15.9 |
13.2 |
14.6 |
16.4 |
13.4 |
14.9 |
|
T6 |
70.2 |
65.4 |
67.8 |
75.2 |
68.3 |
71.8 |
15.9 |
13.2 |
14.6 |
16.2 |
13.3 |
14.8 |
|
62.1 |
53.7 |
57.9 |
65.1 |
57.1 |
61.1 |
15.4 |
12.9 |
14.1 |
15.7 |
13.1 |
14.4 |
|
|
L.S.D. 0.05 (T) (V) (T X V) |
6.73 5.81 8.83 |
6.82 6.11 8.94 |
0.17 0.22 0.24 |
0.20 0.24 0.27 |
||||||||
T1 – 100 % NPK, T2 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad , T3 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 6 ton compost per fad, T4 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 9 ton compost per fad, T5 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 5 liter compost tea per fad and T6 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 10 liter compost tea per fad.
|
Table (9): Seed yield per plant (g) and Seed yield per fad (ton) of the two soybean varieties as affected by fertilizer treatments in 2019 and 2020 seasons.
|
Trait
Treatment |
Seed yield per plant (g) |
Seed yield per fad (ton) |
||||||||||
|
2019 |
2020 |
2019 |
2020 |
|||||||||
|
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
G.111 |
G.22 |
Mean |
|
|
T1 |
18.3 |
15.0 |
16.7 |
19.6 |
15.2 |
17.4 |
1.330 |
1.030 |
1.180 |
1.520 |
1.100 |
1.310 |
|
T2 |
13.0 |
10.5 |
11.8 |
13.8 |
11.5 |
12.7 |
0.905 |
0.770 |
0.838 |
1.000 |
0.835 |
0.918 |
|
T3 |
16..4 |
11.8 |
14.1 |
16.7 |
13.2 |
14.9 |
1.160 |
0.870 |
1.015 |
1.270 |
0.995 |
1.133 |
|
T4 |
16.9 |
12.3 |
14.6 |
17.6 |
14.3 |
15.9 |
1.120 |
0.960 |
1.040 |
1.350 |
1.000 |
1.175 |
|
T5 |
20.7 |
15.7 |
17.2 |
23.8 |
17.1 |
20.5 |
1.560 |
1.180 |
1.370 |
1.740 |
1.270 |
1.505 |
|
T6 |
22.4 |
17.7 |
20.1 |
24.8 |
18.7 |
21.8 |
1.590 |
1.230 |
1.410 |
1.700 |
1.335 |
1.518 |
|
17.9 |
13.8 |
15.8 |
19.4 |
15.0 |
17.2 |
1.278 |
1.006 |
1.142 |
1.430 |
1.089 |
1.258 |
|
|
L.S.D. 0.05 (T) (V) (T X V) |
2.17 2.78 3.11 |
2.23 2.82 3.35 |
0.237 0.179 0.375 |
0.259 0.198 0.392 |
||||||||
T1 – 100 % NPK, T2 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad , T3 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 6 ton compost per fad, T4 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 9 ton compost per fad, T5 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 5 liter compost tea per fad and T6 – Inoculated + 20 kg N per fad + 10 liter compost tea per fad.
The above mentioned results number of pods per plants, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant (g) and seed yield per fad (ton) for soybean plants are in agreement with those obtained by Ndakidemi et al. (2006), Saleh et al. (2010), Amel et al. (2012), who reported that inoculated legumes plants of Soybean peanut and fababean with rhizobium inoculation in combination with organic fertilizers in presences of rational dose of nitrogen fertilizers produced higher values at harvest parameters (pods number, 100-seed weight, seed yield per plant and, seed yield per fad) as compared to untreated ones and received full dose of mineral N, P and K fertilizers as such. Moreover application of organic and bio fertilizers led to score significant increases of all tested parameters for vegetative growth, as well as harvest stage. These results are in similar with those reported by Abd El-wahab et al. (2008), El-Sawy et al. (2006), Rizk et al. (2005) and Desoky et al. (2015) Mahrous et al. (2015), Mahrous et al. (2018) and Mahrous et al. (2020).
CONCLUSION
In the current study, it could be concluded that, under Egyptian calcareous soil conditions, using inoculation with specific rhizobia in combination with different farms of organic fertilizers (compost and / or compost tea) in presences of rational dose (1/3N) of mineral nitrogen fertilizers led to enhancement growth stage and increased yield per fad, as well as yield quality of soybean plants. Moreover, application of organic and bio fertilizers led to reduced the cost of crops production and producing safe crop in addition to preserve the environment.
|
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Thanks and sincere appreciation to Food Legume Res. Dept., Field Crop Res. inst., ARC, to provide soybean varieties.
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تأثير اضافة السماد العضوى بصور مختلفة و السماد الحيوى على انتاجية وجودة صنفين من فول الصويا تحت ظروف الاراضى الجيرية
سلوى عبد العزيز عبد الرحيم حسانين(1) و حاتم حسين ابوطالب(2)
1- المعمل المرکزى للزراعة العضوية – مرکز البحوث الزراعية - الجيزة – مصر
2- معهد بحوث الاراضى والمياة والبيئية – مرکز البحوث الزراعية – الجيزة – مصر
اجريت تجربتان حقليتان فى الاراضي الجيرية باحدي المزارع بمحافظة البحيرة – مصر خلال الموسمين2019 ، 2020 لتقدير استجابة صنفين من فول الصويا ( جيزة 111 و جيزة 22 ) للتسميد العضوى والحيوى وايضا استبدال جزء من التسميد المعدنى وتعويضة بالسماد العضوى الحيوى والتلقيح ببرادى ريزوبيم جابنبکم مع مستوين من الکمبوست (6 ، 9 طن للفدان) او مع معدلين من شاى الکمبوست ( 5 ، 10 لتر للفدان) فى وجود الجرعة المرشدة من السماد النيتروجينى ( 20 کجم نيتروجين للفدان). وقد اظهرت النتائج أن اضافة السماد العضوى والحيوى مع 20 کجم نيتروجين للفدان حفز نمو النبات وسجل نتائج عالية لکل من طول النبات وعدد الفروع والوزن الجاف للنبات وعدد ووزن العقد البکتيرية ومحتوى النبات من عناصر النيتروجين والفوسفور والبوتاسيوم وايضا التبکير فى التزهير . وکان افضل المعاملات مقارنة بمعاملة السماد المعدنى والموصى به هى معاملة اضافة شاى الکمبوست فى کلا المعدلين کتسميد عضوى فى وجود التسميد الحيوى مع اضافة الجرعة المرشدة حققا زيادات معنوية وسجلا اعلى القيم لکل من الصفات التالية : عدد القرون للنبات ( 75.2 ، 68.3 ) ووزن الــــ 100 بذرة ( 16.4 ، 13.4 ) ومحصول البذور بالجم للنبات ( 24.8 ، 18.7 ) ، ومحصول البذور بالطن للفدان ( 1.740 ، 1.335 ) وذلک للصنفين جيزة 111 ، جيزة 22 على الترتيب کما اظهرت النتائج تفوق الصنف جيزة 111 على الصنف جيزة 22 حيث سجل اعلى القيم مع جميع المعاملات المختبرة مقارنة بالصنف جيزة 22.
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