STUDIES ON THE BEST TIME FOR CULTIVATION AND PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE SOYBEAN UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITION.

STUDIES ON THE BEST TIME FOR CULTIVATION
AND PRODUCTION OF VEGETABLE SOYBEAN
UNDER EGYPTIAN CONDITION.
Ewais A. Nabila
Vegetable Research Department, Horticulture Research Institute,
Agriculture Research Center, Giza, Egypt.
Key Words: vegetable soybean, sowing dates, Egyptian conditions.
ABSTRACT
Two field experiments were carried out in the experimental farm of
Barrage Horticulture Research station of the Agricultural Research Center,
Qalubia Governorate, Egypt. during two summer seasons of 2017 and 2018
to study the effect of sowing date (1st April, 1st May and 1st June) on two
cultivars of vegetable soybean (K173 - Royston Petrie).The experimental
design was a split plot design the main plots were the three sowing dates and
the sub plots were the two vegetable soybean cultivars. The results indicated
that the third date (1st June) gave the highest values in plant length in the
both seasons, number of leaves/ plant and number of branches/ plant in the
first season. And the first sowing date (1st April) significantly increased the
100 green seeds weight and net ratio of green pods in both seasons too. But
the second sowing date (1st May)) gave a significant effect on green pod
number of green pod / plant, total yield of green pod (ton/ Fed) and gave
significantly increased in the total sugars content in green seeds in the both
seasons. The K173 cv. gave the highest number of green pod/ plant, total
yield of green pod (ton/ Fed), % Potassium and the total sugars content in
green seeds in the first and the second seasons, % phosphorus contents in
green seeds in the first season. However Royston Petrie cv. recorded
significant effect in number of nods to first pod, green pod weight, net ratio
of green pods, % nitrogen and % protein in green seeds in the first and the
second seasons. K173cv. which sowing in the third date (1st June) gave the
highest plant length, number of leaves/ plant, number of branches/ plant and
stem length in both seasons. Also K173cv.with second sowing date (1st
May) gave the highest number of green pod/ plant, total yield of green pod
(ton/ Fed) in the first and the second season. However The Royston Petrie
cv. gave highest number of nods to first pod with the third sowing date (1st
June) in the first season. Sowing the Royston Petrie cv. in the first sowing
date (1st April) significantly increased green pod weight and net ratio of
green pods in both seasons .
INTRODUCTION
Vegetable soybean or edamame is a specialty soybean (Glycine max
Merrill). Edamame is known by many names (Shurtleff, Aoyagi,
unpublished, beer bean, edible soybean, fresh green soybean, garden
soybean, green soybean, green-mature soybean, green vegetable soybean,
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 100-113
immature soybean, large-seeded soybean, vegetable-type soybean) but the
most common is vegetable soybean ( Konovsky et al., 1994). Also is called
(mao dou) in China and (poot kong) in Korea (Saldivar et al., 2011).
Edamame can be transplanted or direct-seeded. It harvested as a fresh
vegetable before fully filled green pods turn yellow (Zhang et al., 2007).
The seeds of vegetable soybeans are larger, sweeter and tender than that of
grain soybean. Because of its excellent nutrition and slightly sweet taste,
mild flavor and nutty texture, with less objectionable beany taste, it is
preferred over conventional grain soybeans as a fresh green bean (Lee and
Hwang, 1998). Vegetable soybean is a very important crop for Vegetabletype
soybean, rich in protein, fat (without cholesterol), minerals, and
vitamins, is harvested when the pod is still green and full. The green seeds
shelled from the immature pods are quick-to-cook, free from off-flavour,
and more importantly, their appearance as well as cooking method being
similar to that of other immature beans viz. green pea, chick pea, French
bean (Kumar et al., 2011).
Vegetable soybean originates from China and cultivated for more than
5,000 years, spreading from China to neighboring countries such as Korea,
Japan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, Thailand and
Vietnam. The main soybean producing countries are the United States,
Brazil, Argentina, China, India, Paraguay, Canada and Indonesia, which
together produce 80% of the world's soybean (Slaton et al., 2008 and
Shanmunga 2009). The crop is well known and widely used in Asia and
America, but less known in Africa (Chadha and Oluoch, 2004).There is
high research interest for edamame in Asia and America (Basavaraja et al.,
2005) but in Africa, research on edamame is very scarce. Currently, soybean
is one of the most important crops in the world but it is a new non-traditional
culture for our country, which has great potential and interest for introducing
it in Egypt. Sowing date is a good approach to enhance both crop yield and
economic benefit. Effects of planting date on soybean yield and other traits
varied at locations (Hoeft et al., 2000; Naeve et al., 2004). Edamame is easy
and reliable to grow, but wait until weather warms before planting; cold
and/or wet conditions prevent good germination. In spring, once weather is
warm and night's stay securely above (13°C), sow in well-worked, fertile
soil in full sun. The yielding ability of vegetable soybean may be affected by
its sowing time due to adverse weather conditions and the number of pods,
the green soybean yield decreased with delay in the sowing time (Nishioka
and Okumura, 2008; Zhang et al., 2008). Sowing date is the variable with
the largest effect on crop yield (Calvino et al., 2003a, b). Fine-tune
management of soybean by sowing date is a good approach to enhance both
crop yield and economic benefit. Effects of planting date on soybean yield
and other traits varied at locations (Hoeft et al., 2000; Naeve et al., 2004).
Environmental conditions associated with late sowing affect crop features
101 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
related to the capture of radiation and portioning of crop resources. These
include less vegetative growth (Board et al., 1992), shorter stems (Boquet,
1990), lower reproductive nodes (Board et al., 1999), and shortening of the
reproductive phases (Kantolic and Slafer, 2001). The yielding ability of
green soybean may be affected by its sowing time due to adverse weather
conditions and the number of pods set; the green soybean yield decreased
with delay in the sowing time (Nishioka and Okumura, 2008; Zhang et
al., 2008). Large pods containing many grains are considered to be of good
quality. While variation in soybean planting date is expected to impact the
pattern of soybean growth and development, very few reports have been
examined in vegetable soybean.
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of different
sowing dates on vegetative growth, yield, and yield components of two
genotypes of soybean (Glycine max Merrill) under Egyptian conditions. The
ultimate goal is produce vegetable soybean in the summer season to fill the
deficit resulting from the absence of leguminous vegetables in the Egyptian
markets.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two field experiments were carried out during the summer season
of 2017 and 2018 at Barrage Horticulture Research station of the
Agricultural Research Center (A. R. C.), Qalubia Governorate, Egypt, to
study the effect of sowing dates on plant growth characters, yield and its
components, and the chemical composition of leaves and fresh seeds of
two vegetable soybean cultivars (Edamame). The soil was clay loam with
pH 8.28. The meteorological data during 2017 and 2018 prevailing at
Qalubia governorate region were given in Table (1).
Table (1). Maximum air temperature of Qalubia governorate region
during the summer seasons of 2016 and 2017.
Months
Max. Air temperature Cº Min. Air temperature Cº
2017 2018 2017 2018
April 37.9 39.1 13.4 14.6
May 45.1 45.8 16.9 17.1
June 39.7 43.7 19.7 20.2
July 41.9 41.4 17.6 15.9
August 43.5 39.5 13.9 14.2
September 38.9 39.7 15.7 14.9
Mean 41.2 41.5 16.1 16.3
The treatments were as following
A. Sowing dates: 1st April, 1st May and 1st June
B. Two cultivars were tested in this experiment which were:
K173: Early maturing, full of antioxidants, sweeter than other varieties
and great for eating fresh or freezing.
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 102
Royston Petrie: A variety that’s early to mature and regularly produces
pods with two to three beans.
The experimental design:-
These treatments were arranged in split plot design with three
replicates in both seasons .Sowing dates were assigned at the main plots,
while sub plots were devoted two vegetable soybean cultivars. Each
experimental plot area was 9m2 where including of five ridges (3m
length and 0.60m width) .Seeds of both cvs were sowing at 10 cm apart
on one side of ridge .
All agricultural practices for growing soybean were followed as
recommended by the Ministry of agriculture for soybean as field crop
because there are no present recommendations for it as vegetable crop
under Egypt condition.
Data recorded:-
1. Vegetative growth characters
Five plants from each plot were randomly taken at seed sitting
stage (65 days after sowing) in the two seasons and the following data
were recorded.
1.1. Plant length (the length of main stem (cm).
1.2. Stem diameter (cm).
. 1.3. Number of branches per plant
1.4. Number of leaves per plant
1.5. Number of nods to first pod
1.6. Total leaf chlorophyll (at flowering stage) in the fourth upper
leaf (three readings per leaf at different places) it was measured by using
Minolta chlorophyll meter (SPAD-501) as SPAD units (Yadava 1986). -
2. Green pods yield and its components
A random sample of ten pods from each plot, were taken on
marketable stage for green pods to determine.
2.1. Pods number of / plant
2.2. Average Pod length (cm)
2.3. Average Pod diameter (cm)
2.4. Average Pod weight (g)
2.5. Pods weight/plant (g)
2.6. Seeds weight/plant (g).
2.7. Net ratio of green pods.
2.8. Weight of 100 green seeds (g).
2.9. Total green pods yield (ton/fed).
Green pods of each plot were continuously harvested at suitable
maturity stage, counted and weighted then Green pod (yield/ feddan) it
was calculated as sum of all harvests per plot, then converted to (yield/
feddan).
103 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
3- Green seed chemical analysis
The green seeds (were taken at 90days after sowing) dried at
70 oC in forced air oven for 72 hours, and then finely ground to
determine the following chemical analysis.
-3.1.Total nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus on dry weight of
vegetable soy bean green seeds so were determined on the basis of dry
weight according to (Pregl 1945), (Brown and Lilleland 1946) and
(Jackson 1967) respectively.
Total protein was calculated as multiplying nitrogen by 6.25
3.2. Total sugars were determined colorimetric according to the method
described by (Dubois et al. 1975).
Statistical analysis
Data obtained were subjected to the proper analysis of variance (split
plot design) as described by Snedecor and Cochran (1980) using 8
statistics. Averages between treatments were differentiated by using
(L.S.D) at 5% level of probability.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
1-Vegetative growth characters
Data presented in Table (2) illustrated that delay in sowing date (1st
June) significantly excelled on some parameters of plant growth
expressed as plant height, number of leaves and branches per plant
compared to the others planting date. This could be mainly due to
suitable temperature prevailing during growing period (Table 1).
(Cakmakci & Oral 2001) reported that thermo period refers to daily
temperature change; however, plants produce maximum growth when
exposed to a day temperature that is about 10 to 15C° higher than the
night temperature. This allows the plant to photosynthesize (build up)
and respire (break down) during an optimum daytime temperature, and to
curtail the rate of respiration during night. On the other side different
sowing dates did not significant differences in the obtained results of
stem diameter, number of nods to first pod and leaf chlorophyll content.
Concerning the behavior of cultivars to sowing date, it is clear in
Table (2) that the obtained growth parameters of plants differed among
cultivars however, cv. K137 gave significantly longest plants and has
much number of leaves per plant beside containing highest amount of
chlorophyll in their leave than cv. Royeston petrie . While the other
growth parameters i.e., number of branches per plant, stem diameter and
number of nods did not significantly differences between cultivars.
Many investigators supported our results such as (Faris & Abd ELHakeem,
1992), and (Helal et al., 2006) who reported that variation
among cultivars could be attributed to the genetic factors.
Regarding the interaction between investigated cultivars and
sowing date for vegetative growth recorded data in Table ( 2 ) showed
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 104
that the highest plant length number of leaves/ plant and number of
branches/ plant were detected from K173cv. which sowing in the third
date (1st June). Also the number of nods to first pod gave the highest
value from K173 cv. in the second sowing date (1st May) but in the first
season. While the chlorophyll content significantly increased as a result
of sowing the Royston Petrie cv. in the first sowing date (1st April) in the
first and the second seasons.
2. Green pods yield and its components
The results of green pod yield and its component are presented in
Table (3). In general the first date (1st April) obtained the highest values
on weight of 100green seeds and net ratio of green pods in both seasons.
Meanwhile the second date (1st May) produced much number of pod per
plant, pods weight per plant and total yield (ton/Fed). On the other hand
late sowing date (1st June) gave the lowest values of all the above
parameters. That means, the sowing date in first may is the best sowing
date, and sowing date in June must be avoided due to reduction in yield
and yield components. It clear that the difference in temperature (Table
1) and photoperiod length during different growth stages strongly
influences the shape of soybean plant by bringing about a change in
flowering and maturation time and dry matter production. Length of
photoperiod strongly influences the morphology of soybean plant by
causing change in the time of flowering, maturity and dry matter
production. This leaned heavily on yield and yield components of
vegetable soybean. These results agreed with (Woong and Yamakawa
2006) who reported that the number of pods and seed per plant decreased
as planting date delayed. on the other hand (Bastidas et al.,2008) found
that yield was significantly affected by planting date. This result also,
was in line with (Zhang, et al., 2010), and (Moosavi et al., 2011) who
illustrated the importance of early sowing for maximizing the yield
potential of soybean. From another point of view high temperature causes
an increase in respiration, sometimes above the rate of photosynthesis.
This means that the products of photosynthesis are being used more
rapidly than they are being produced. For growth to occur,
photosynthesis must be greater than respiration as happened in the third
sowing date (1 st June) causing a reduction in obtained
Regarding to the effect of cultivars data illustrated in Table (3) show
clearly that the K173 cv. had a significant increase plant pods, the weight of
plant pods, the weight of plant seeds, and total green pods yield (ton/ Fed)
in the first and the second seasons. On the other side the green pod weight
and net ratio of green pods gave significant increase with Royston Petrie cv.
in the second seasons. This is contrary to the results of (Zhang, et al., 2010)
who found yield significantly increased among vegetable soybean varieties
which because the genetic predisposition.
105 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
Table (2): Effect of the sowing dates and cultivars on vegetative growth and leaf chlorophyll content of
vegetable soybean plants during the two seasons of 2017and 2018.
Chlorophyll
(SPAD)
No., of nods to
first pod
Stem diameter
(cm)
Plant length (cm ) No., of Leaves No., of Branches
Treatments
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
Sowing date
1 55.5 63.17 101.67 90.83 32.83 38.00 1.00 1.00 4.33 5.00 44.45 45.37 stApril
1 48.0 55.5 92.00 90.00 30.50 36.33 0.98 0.98 3.67 4.67 42.97 42.20 stMay
1 60.35 65.22 102.33 103.67 35.90 37.67 0.73 0.72 4.11 4.67 43.33 43.00 st June
L.S.D at 5 % 4.48 5.60 5.02 N.S 2.59 N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S
Soybean Cultivars
K 53.33 66.33 103.83 90.67 32.50 38.50 0.91 0.90 3.50 3.83 46.48 44.02
R 50.17 52.33 89.83 90.17 31.83 35.83 0.90 0.90 4.50 4.83 40.93 43.55
L.S.D at 5 % N.S 2.96 4.14 N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S 0.65 0.53 N.S N.S
Interaction
58.33 102.67 92.33 39.67 40.67 1.00 1.00 4.00 4.00 46.17 45.63
56.00
K
First April R 55.00 56.00 81.33 87.67 33.00 34.00 1.00 1.00 4.33 4.67 48.73 46.77
First May K 58.67 59.33 98.00 99.00 42.00 41.33 0.97 0.97 4.00 4.00 45.70 46.40
R 49.33 56.67 94.33 92.67 33.00 34.67 1.00 1.00 4.67 4.67 44.23 44.33
First June K 66.97 67.33 103.11 102.67 43.33 42.67 0.77 0.73 3.67 3.93 45.67 44.84
R 64.33 63.67 98.95 99.33 38.87 39.33 0.70 0.70 4.83 4.33 44.33 45.22
L.S.D at 5 % 0.25 0.19 0.12 0.11 0.25 0.02 N.S N.S 0.13 N.S N.S N.S
K = K173 cv. R = Royston Petrie
EgEygpytp. tJ. .J o. fo Af pApplp. lS. cSic.,i .3, 63 6(5 (-56-)6 2) 022012 1 1 0160 6
Table (3): Effect of the sowing dates and cultivars on Green pods yield and its components of vegetable
soybean plants during the two seasons of 2017 and 2018.
Net ratio of
green pods
(%)
green seeds
weight/plant
( g)
green pods
weight/plant
(g)
Total yield
(ton/ Fed)
Average
100 green seeds
weight
( g)
Average
green pod
weight (g)
Pod
diameter
(cm)
Pod
length(cm)
No., of
pods/plant
Treatments
2nd
season
1st
season
1st 2nd
season season
1st 2nd
season season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
Sowing date
First April 85.50 85.83 5.03 5.05 1.00 1.00 0.99 0.92 18.65 17.95 5.77 5.79 84.63 78.37 44.48 42.42 52.58 54.15
First May 99.00 91.67 5.25 4.97 0.98 0.98 0.98 0.92 16.76 16.66 6.39 6.36 96.40 84.03 44.85 41.26 46.61 48.75
First June 67.33 66.83 4.30 4.22 0.73 0.72 0.84 0.82 15.88 15.57 4.70 4.67 56.83 55.03 18.45 17.72 32.29 32.03
L.S.D at 5 % 3.02 1.36 N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S 0.75 0.63 0.30 0.27 3.43 N.S N.S 1.43 1.67 2.08
Soybean Cultivars
K 89.95 85.98 4.74 4.69 0.91 0.90 0.92 0.85 17.32 15.89 5.66 5.35 83.84 72.14 37.10 31.85 43.28 43.34
R 78.48 73.33 4.98 4.80 0.90 0.90 0.9 5 0.93 16.88 17.16 4.64 4.47 74.74 72.61 34.75 35.75 44.37 46.61
L.S.D at 5 % 1.85 2.11 N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S 0.03 N.S 0.72 0.24 0.12 6.52 N.S N.S N.S N.S 0.44
Interaction
First April K 93.33 94.33 5.00 4.87 1.00 1.00 0.95 0 .83 18.42 18.55 5.30 6.79 88.70 78.62 46.44 41.13 52.36 52.30
R 77.67 77.33 5.07 5.25 1.00 1.00 1.30 1.10 19.29 19.15 3.80 3.39 80.55 78.12 42.51 43.72 54.87 55.99
First May K 105.3 91.00 4.83 4.90 0.97 0.97 0.95 0.56 16.64 16.20 5.82 6.42 99.63 77.80 43.46 34.10 43.59 43.84
R 92.67 92.33 5.67 5.03 1.00 1.00 1.07 0.98 17.38 17.27 4.56 4.50 93.18 90.26 46.24 48.41 49.62 53.67
First June K 72.33 70.33 4.40 4.30 0.77 0.73 0.87 0.85 15.30 15.43 2.86 2.83 63.18 60.02 21.41 20.33 33.88 33.87
R 62.33 63.33 4.20 4.13 0.70 0.70 0.81 0.79 16.27 16.47 2.55 2.50 50.48 50.04 15.5 15.10 30.70 30.18
L.S.D at 5 % N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S 0.57 0.87 1.31 2.07 1.93 N.S N.S N.S 1.11 1.24
K = K173 cv. R = Royston Petrie
107 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
Table (4): Effect of the sowing dates and cultivars on N%, P%, K% and protein% and total sugars %
on green seeds of soybean plants during the two seasons of 2017 and 2018 .
Treatments N % Protein % P% K % Total sugars %
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
season
2nd
season
1st
aosaes
2nd
aosaes
1st
aosaes
Sowing date
First April 6.92 6.95 43.23 43.63 1.70 1.78 5.61 5.63 4.62 4.73
First May 6.87 6.93 42.92 43.34 1.85 1.93 5.73 5.62 4.87 4.88
First June 6.77 6.73 42.30 42.30 1.74 1.72 5.51 5.51 4.45 4.50
L.S.D at 5 % N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S 0.13 0.11
Soybean Cultivars
K 6.78 6.81 42.38 42.56 1.80 1.84 5.97 5.93 4.91 4.96
R 6.99 6.98 43.69 43.63 1.72 1.78 5.26 5.24 4.41 4.56
L.S.D at 5 % 0.1 0.09 0.67 0.87 N.S 0.07 0.13 0.14 0.03 0.04
Interaction
First April K 6.79 6.85 42.44 42.81 1.94 1.97 5.94 6.01 4.63 4.87
R 6.97 7.00 43.56 43.75 1.46 1.59 5.28 5.26 4.40 4.50
First May K 6.80 6.70 42.50 41.88 1.78 1.84 6.20 6.03 4.67 4.60
R 6.93 7.00 43.31 43.75 1.93 2.01 5.26 5.21 4.47 4.57
First June K 6.63 6.73 41.44 42.06 1.69 1.7 5.77 5.76 4.53 4.80
R 6.90 6.83 43.13 42.69 1.78 1.74 5.25 5.25 4.37 4.60
L.S.D at 5 % N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S N.S
K = K173 cv. R = Royston Petrie
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 108
Concerning the interaction between sowing dates and the cultivars
presented in Table (2). The results elucidated that there were not
significant differences among the interaction treatments in the first and
the second seasons.
3. Chemical composition
Data in Table (4) indicated that the vegetable soybean plants
grown in the second sowing date 1st May) gave significantly increased
the total sugars content in green seeds in the both seasons. These results
are in harmony with (Veronika Kim 2019) Biochemical analysis of
vegetable soybeans showed that with the delay of sowing in later terms
the content of the main components of the chemical composition slightly
increases.
It is obvious from the data in Table (4) that the K173 cultivar had
significant differences in% phosphorus and% Potassium contents in
green seeds in both seasons except phosphorous content, it is not
significant in the first season, it was not moral . Also the K173 cultivar
gave the highest value of total sugars contents in green seeds in the both
seasons this might be due to the protein and total sugars are negatively
associated (Hymowitz et al. 1972), too much protein leads to a lack of
sweetness, an important component of flavor. These results are generally
in agreement with those reported by (Saldivar et al. 2011) all edamame
seed attributes measured. Significant differed among the varieties for
changes in chemical soybean seed composition.
Results of Table (4) revealed that the statistical analysis of the data
indicated that the interaction between sowing date and the vegetable
soybean cultivars were not significant in the first and the second seasons.
CONCLUSION
The results from this study indicated that vegetable soybean could
be successfully grown in Egypt. Growth and yield for the first of April
and first of May planting dates were better than the first of June planting.
Sowing date had a significant impact on marketable yield.
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د ا رسة عن افضل ميعاد لز ا رعة وانتاج فول الصويا
الخضر تحت الظروف المصرية.
نبيلة عبد الباسط عويس
اقسام بحوث الخضر – معهد بحوث البساتين – مرکز البحوث الز ا رعية – الجيزة – مصر.
أجريت تجربتين حقميتين فى الموسم الصيفى لعامى 2012 و 2012 بمحطة
بحوث البساتين بالقناطر الخيرية التابعة لمعهد بحوث البساتين- مرکز البحوث الز ا رعية
محافظة القميوبية وذلک لد ا رسة تأثير مواعيد الز ا رعة )الأول من ابريل – الأول من مايو – الأول
من يونيه ( عمى صنفين من أصناف الفول الصويا الخضر)کى 123 - روى-ستون( تحت
ظروف الا ا رضى المصرية . صممت التجربة بطريقة القطع المنشقة مرة واحدة حيث کانت
القطع الرئيسية هى مواعيد الز ا رعةوالقطع الشقية هى أصناف فول الصويا الخضر. وقد کانت
النتائج کما يأتى:
أعطى الاول من يونية زيادة معنوية فى طول النبات فى الموسمين وعدد الاو ا رق/ نبات
وعدد الأفرع/ نبات فى الموسم الأول فقط.وميعاد الاول من ابريل اعطى زيادة معنوية فى وزن
100 بذرة طازجة فى الموسم وزيادة معنوية فى% لمتصافى فى الموسم الاول والثانى وقد اظهر
الميعاد الثانى معنوية فى عدد القرون/ نبات والمحصول الکمى /فدان کما أعطى زيادة معنوية
فى محتوى البذور من السکريات الکمية فى الموسمين.
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 112
بالنسبة للاصناف: کان تأثي ا رلصنف) کى 123 ( معنوى فى طول النبات ومعنوية فى
% لمفسفور فى الموسم الثانى- کما أعطى معنوية فى عدد الأو ا رق / نبات فى الموسم الأول و
معنوية فى عدد القرون/ نبات والمحصول الکمى لمفدان و%لمسکريات الکمية فى موسمى
الز ا رعة. بينما کان الصنف )روى-ستون( الاقضل فى رقم عقدة اول قرن فى الموسمين واعطى
معنوية لموزن الطازج ل 100 بذرة نسبة التصافى فى الموسم الثانى کما أعطى زيادة معنوية فى
کلا من % لمنتروجين و% لمبروتين فى البذور الخض ا رء في موسمى الز ا رعة .
بالنسبة لمتفاعل بين مواعيد الز ا رعة والاصناف فقد اظهرت النتائج أن الميعاد الثالث
)الاول من يونية( مع الصنف )کى 123 ( اعطى زيادة معنوية فى طول النبات و
عددالاو ا رق/نبات وعدد الافرع/ نبات وقطر الساق فى موسمى الز ا رعة واعطى الميعاد الثانى
)الاول من مايو( مع نفس الصنف )کى 123 ( زيادة معنوية فى عدد القرون/ نبات والمحصول
الکمى لمفدان فى موسمى الز ا رعة. فى حين أعطى الميعاد الاول مع الصنف )روى-ستون(
معنوية فى الو زن الطازج ل 100 بذرة و % وذلک فى الموسم الاول والثانى وکان هناک معنوية
فى رقم عقدة اول قرن مع الميعاد الثالث فى الموسم الاول. وکانت نتائج التفاعل بين مواعيد
الز ا رعة واصناف الفول الصويا الخضر غير معنوية بالنسبة لمتقدي ا رت الکيميائية فى الموسم
الاول والثانى.
113 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021