EFFECT OF USING SILAGE FROM A MIXTURE OF BERSEEM (EGYPTIAN CLOVER) AND PANICUM MOMBASA ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF ZARAIBI KIDS GOATS

EFFECT OF USING SILAGE FROM A MIXTURE OF
BERSEEM (EGYPTIAN CLOVER) AND PANICUM
MOMBASA ON PRODUCTIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE
PERFORMANCE OF ZARAIBI KIDS GOATS
Sadek, W. M. A.1; M. E. El-Kholany1; M. A. Aboul-Omran1;
Mona E. Farag1 ; M. A. E. Ali1* and Sh. A. Aboelgoud2
1- Animal Production Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza,
Egypt
2- Forage Crops Research Department, FCRI, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki,
Giza, Egypt
1*E-mail: drmamdouh_ali@yahoo.com
Key Words: Panicum Mombasa, Zaraibi kids, intake, digestibility,
productive and reproductive performance
ABSTRACT
This research was conducted to study the possibility of using a silage
mixture made from Egyptian berseem and Panicum Mombasa on productive
and reproductive performance for male Zaraibi goats. Thirty Zaraibi kids aged 5
months and averaged 18.69 kg live body weight, were divided into three similar
groups (ten animals each) according to their ages and weights. Each animal
group was randomly fed the following experimental treatments. G1 (control
ration): consisted of 50% CFM + 50% berseem silage (BS); G2: 50% CFM +
25% BS + 25% Panicum Mombasa silage (PMS); G3: 50% CFM+ 50% PMS.
The experimental rations were formulated to caver maintenance and production
allowance according to NRC (2007). The results indicated that the highest
significant values (P<0.05) of averages as DMI, TDNI, and DCPI were
recorded for animals fed mixture silage (G2) followed by the animals fed PMS
(G3), while the animals fed BS (G1) recorded the lowest values. The animals
fed mixture silage (G2) recorded higher digestibility values of all nutrients and
nutritive values expressed as TDN than those animals fed BS or PMS alone (G1
and G3). Concerning, nutritive values expressed as DCP, it could be noticed
that animals fed mixture silage (G2) or BS (G1) recorded significantly higher
(P<0.05) than those animals fed PMS (G3). All measured blood constituents of
kids (protein, albumin, globulin, urea-N, glucose, and creatinine) were not
significantly affected by the inclusion of Panicum in tested diets. The results
also showed the experimental group fed (G2) appeared improved daily gain and
feed conversion expressed as Kg DM and TDN intake/kg gain compared with
other treatments. On the other hand, the obtained results indicated no significant
differences in respiration rate, pulse, and rectal and skin temperatures. Also, the
results indicate that the animals which high-levels of feed intake (G2) had
significantly higher values of Scrotal circumference (SC) and Testicular volume
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 56-71
(TV). It also found that using silage a mixture made from B and PM in diets of
growing male Zaraibi goats was the best economic efficiency.
It could be concluded that using Panicum Mombasa in any form has a
positive effect on the productive performances of kids goats, especially when
mixed with different green legumes forages as an Egyptian clover, in terms of
dry matter intake, digestibility, and feeding value, the feed utilization efficiency
of forage into daily gain, and economic efficiency makes it a diet of choice for
production and reproduction.
INTRODUCTION
The farm animals in Egypt suffer from a shortage of feed, especially
during the summer season and the green forage is cheap food for the feeding
of ruminants, the importance of new green forages depends on high yield
and its quality, especially in reclaimed soils. Several attempts have been
made to introduce a new high-yielding green grass fodder with high protein
content such as Panicum Mombasa (PM), is considered one of the most
valuable forages plants, with high leaf and seed production and very
palatable to livestock and contains high crude protein, essential vitamins,
minerals, and amino acids, and resistance to the pests such as Deois sp.,
Zulia entreriana, and Mahanarva fimbriolata and it can be mixed with
green leguminous forages to form mixtures with a higher nutritional and
economic value and available all year round (Jank et al., 2013). It's
successfully mixed with legumes (Humphreys and Patridge, 1995). Du
Ponte et al. (1998) demonstrated that Guinea grass (Panicum max) can be
successful silage while maintaining nutritional quality and minimal spoilage
under Hawaiian climatic conditions. Panicum maximum is considered one
of the most valuable fodder plants, with high leaf and seed production and
very palatable to livestock. There is a need to supplement Panicum
maximum with other forages that have high nutritive value and available all
year round. Leaves are noted for high crude protein, essential vitamins,
minerals, and amino acids (Makkar and Becher, 1997; Gidamins et al.,
2003). In addition to these benefits, Refaie, et al. (2020) showed that the
chemical composition of the Spanish Panicum Mombasa was 11.65% crude
protein, 2.67% crude fat, and 30.66% crude fiber, amino acids methionine
0.16%, lysine 0.49%, valnine 0.48%, alanine 0.61%, glycine 0.39%, serine
0.32%, cyateine 0.21%, glutamic 0.98%, therionnine 0.34%, aspartic 0.80%,
isoleucinec 0.36%, tyrosine 0.32%, phenylaanine 0.45%, histidine 0.18%,
argenine 0.45%. Whoever, Yousuf et al. (2007) and Brown and Adjei
(1995) reported that sheep fed on Panicum Mombasa grass hay improved
their weight gain and feeding efficiency. Also, Wildeus et al. (2007) and
Al-Jorani et al. (2020) indicated that there was no significant difference in
final weight between the alfalfa hay and Panicum Mombasa treatments, and
57 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
that the alfalfa hay treatment outweighed the Panicum Mombasa treatment
in the daily weight gain rate. Furthermore, Bamigboye et al. (2014) found
that the using of Panicum Mombasa had positive effects in feed intake, daily
weight gain, and feed efficiency. Eyoh et al. (2019) which reported that
feeding goats on Panicum Mombasa in different forms (fresh, withered,
silage and straw) had no significant effect on final weight, slaughter weight,
daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The aim of the present study
was the evaluation of Panicum as green forage compared with Egyptian
berseem and their mixtures as silage in feeding Zaraibi kids and its effect on
digestibility, feeding values, some blood parameters, feed conversion, and
economic efficiency.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study was carried out at El-Serw Experimental Research
Station, Animal Production Research Institute, and Panicum Mombasa
(PM) forage and Berseem (Egyptian clover) (B) were obtained from
experiment field at El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, Forage Crops
Research Department, FCRI, Agricultural Research Center, Ministry of
Agriculture.
Experimental animals and feeding
A feeding trial that lasted 120 days was carried out on thirty Zaraibi
kids aged 5 months and averaged 18.69 kg live body weight, were
divided into three similar groups (ten animals each) according to their
ages and weights. Each animal group was randomly fed the following
experimental treatments. G1 (control ration): consisted of 50%
concentrate feed mixture (CFM) + 50% berseem silage (BS); G2: 50%
CFM + 25% BS + 25% Panicum Mombasa silage (PMS); G3: 50%
CFM+ 50% PMS. The experimental rations were formulated to caver
maintenance and production allowance according to NRC (2007).
The B and PM grass was as cut at the pre-flowering stage chopped at
about 3 cm in length and ensiled in three piles holding about 3 tons/pile of
the fresh materials. Silage made from 100% Berseem was prepared by
adding 3% molasses was a mixed will, on a fresh basis (G1), while group
(G2) silage made from the mixture 50% Berseem + 50% Panicum and
finally group (G3) silage made from 100% Panicum on the fresh basis in
prepared without any additives according to Ahmed et al. (2001; 2013), and
mixed well and pressed to ensure compaction and then sealed to ensure
airtight or anaerobic conditions for 40 days. After 40 days, the ensiled
materials were opened and samples were analyzed for proximate fractions.
The rations were offered in group feeding in two equal portions at 8.00 am
and 4.00 pm. Water was available at all times and was measured as average
for each group. All kids were weighted at the beginning and at the end of the
feeding period biweekly. Feeding requirements were adjusted biweekly
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 58
according to weight changes. The digestibility trial was conducted during
the end of the experimental by using three animals in each experimental
group. A grab sample method was applied using acid insoluble ash (AIA)
technique as internal marker according to Van Keulen and Young (1977).
Fecal grab sample were collected for four successive days from each
animals. Feed intake and conversion were calculated. Chemical composition
of the different ingredients, experimental rations and faces samples were
analyzed according to the procedures of A.O.A.C. (1995). Chemical
analysis of different feedstuffs and calculated rations are presented in table
(1). Rectal, Skin temperatures were measured by using certified mercury in
glass clinical thermometer with an accuracy of ± 0.1 ºC. The scrotal
circumference (SC) was measured using a cloth tape and measured in
centimeters (cm) as the largest diameter of scrotum after pushing the testes
firmly into the scrotum. The testes volume (cm3) = 0.015409 × SC3 was
determined according to Entwistle (1992). Nine kids (N=3 /treatment) were
randomly chosen to collect blood samples at weaning, 10 ml of blood
samples were collected from the jugular vein from each animal into clean
tubes. Then, the serum samples were obtained by centrifugation for 30 min
at 3000 rpm and stored at -18 ºC until the analysis. Stored samples were
analyzed for total protein (TP), albumin (AL), urea-N, glucose and
creatinine using kids and the methods reported by biochemistry
(Biomerieux). Serum total globulin (GL) was calculated by differences (TPAL).
The determination was assayed by commercial kits produced by Bio-
Merieux (Craponne, France).
Statistical evaluation of the significant difference between means
(mean ± SEM) were performed by ANOVA followed by the Duncan post
hoc test to determine significant differences in all the parameters among
all energy addition types using SAS Statistical System package V9.0
(SAS, 2002). The significant differences among means were calculated
using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (Duncan, 1955).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Chemical composition of rations:
The proximate composition of different ensiled mixtures of PM with
B fed to Zaraibi kids is presented in Table (1). Results showed that highest
percentage of CP, CF and Ash and lowest percentage of DM, OM, EE and
NFE in the ration G1compared with other treatments (G2 and G3). On the
other hand, results showed that highest percentage of DM, OM, EE and NFE
and lowest percentage of CF and Ash in the ration G3 compared with other
treatments (G1 and G2). While the G2 was the middle between the G1 and
G3 in all the chemical composition. Also, data presented in Table (1)
showed that highest percentage of DM, OM, EE and NFE and lowest
percentage of CF, CP and Ash in the PMS compared with BS. Consequently
it is commonly included in rations for growing kids.
59 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
These results were in agreement with those reported by Ajayi et al.
(2012) and Nkosi et al. (2010), probably due to combination of the legumes
with grass. This corroborated the findings of Baraza et al. (2009) that
different silage types resulted in different nutritional composition. The crude
protein levels obtained for the mixtures of grass (PM)/legume (B) silages
and sole grass (BM) in this study were higher than 7.0 g per 100 grams
recommended for small ruminants (NRC, 1981) and 10–12 g per 100 grams
recommended by ARC (1980). Generally, there are many factors affecting
chemical composition as species and varieties of forages, soil, fertilization,
subsequent cuts, age, cuts, and environmental condition (Gabra et al., 1991;
Van Soest, 1996; Haggag et al., 2000).
Table (1): Chemical analysis % (on DM basis) of tested rations
Item DM
Chemical analysis % (on DM basis)
OM CF CP EE NFE Ash
CFM 91.50 93.85 15.60 14.50 3.20 60.55 6.15
BS 36.84 81.57 24.73 16.44 0.91 39.49 18.43
PMS 38.67 86.66 23.68 14.87 2.83 45.28 13.34
BS+PMS 37.91 84.05 24.55 15.42 2.04 42.04 15.95
G1 64.17 87.71 20.17 15.47a 2.06c 50,01b 12.29a
G2 64.71 88.95 20.07 14.96b 2.62b 51.30b 11.05b
G3 65.09 90.26 19.64 14.69b 3.02a 52.91a 9.74c
CFM: 40% yellow corn grain, 25% undecortecated cotton seed meal, 22% wheat
bran, 6% rice bran, 3.5% molasses, 2.5% limestone, and 1% common salt. G1:
50% CFM + 50% BS, G2: 50% CFM +25% BS + 25% PMS, G3: 50% CFM+50%
PMS.
a-b: Means in the same column with different superscripts differ significantly at
(P<0.05).
Feed intake and water consumption:
The average of daily intakes by Zaraibi kids are summarized in
Table (2). The highest significantly values (P<0.05) of averages as DMI,
TDNI and DCPI were recorded for animals fed mixture silage (G2)
followed by the animals fed PMS (G3), while the animals fed BS (G1)
recorded the lowest values. Similar results were reported by Gabra and
Sherif (1985) who noticed that daily feed intake was significantly higher
with sheep fed mixture forage (50% tritical – 50% berseem) than that
feed tritical or berseem forage alone. Similar results were observed by
Shehata et al. (2001), Ahmed et al. (2001) and Ibrahim et al. (2012)
with using of mixture silages in small ruminants rations. Also, Ojo et al.
(2019) when they fed rams on Panicum and Panicum with the addition of
herbaceous forage legume pellets supplements, as they found a
significant difference between the treatments in the amount of feed
intake. While, These results differed with Adegun and Aye (2013)
observed the presence of a significant increase in the amount of feed
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 60
intake between the treatment of rams that fed on Panicum only and
treatments that were fed Panicum with the addition of different
proportions of cotton seeds and Moringa leaves.
The average daily water consumption of Zaraibi kids fed the tested
experimental rations is summarized in Table (2). The differences among
the three groups in water consumption (L/h/d, ml/kg LBW and ML/g
DMI) were not noticeable. Generally, the quantity of daily water
consumption in present study is nearly similar to those obtained by
Soliman et al. (2010) on growing Zaraibi goats (ranged from 2.22 to 3.30
ml/g DM intake) and Ahmed et al. (2013) on lactating Zaraibi goats
(ranged from 2.82 to 5.06 ml/g DM intake).
Table (2): Average of daily intakes and water consumption by
Zaraibi kids fed the experimental rations
Item
Treatments
G1 G2 G3
Av. daily DMI g during experimental period:
CFM 417 457 430
BS 440 - -
PMS - - 451
BS+PMS - 495 -
Av. daily DMI, g 857b 952a 881ab
Av. daily TDN, kg 0.501c 0.599a 0.536b
Av. daily DCP, g 83.90b 94.53a 80.17c
Water consumption:
L/h/d 2.10 2.35 2.25
ML/kg LBW 10.44 10.51 10.89
ML/g DMI 2.47 2.47 2.55
a-b: Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly at
(P<0.05).
Nutrients digestion and feeding values:
Data of Table (3) clearly indicated that animals fed mixture silage
(G2) recorded higher digestibility values of all nutrients and nutritive values
expressed as TDN than those animals fed BS or PMS alone (G1 and G3).
The digestibility of CP and CF most nutrients tended to increase with kids
fed BS (G1) compared with kids fed PMS (G3). However, the kids fed PMS
(G3) recorded higher (P<0.05) digestibility values of EE and tended to
increase digestibility values of OM and NFE digestibility compared with
kids fed BS (G1). This might be due to the increase in chemical analysis
values as CP and CF for BS (G1) group and also increase in chemical
analysis values as EE, OM and NFE for PMS (G3) group (Table 1).
Concerning, nutritive values expressed as DCP, it could be noticed
that animals fed mixture silage (G2) or BS (G1) recorded significant higher
(P<0.05) than those animals fed PMS (G3). The improvement in digestion
coefficients of most nutrients and nutritive value (TDN) with mixture silage
61 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
may be due to the positive associative effect between the two silages and the
better condition of the rumen fermentation. Forage and grass mixtures used
could have led to synchronized fermentability of individual chemical
constituents leading to associative effects and improvements in DM intake
and digestibility (Sinclair et al., 1995; Rosales and Gill, 1997). In the same
context, Taye et al. (2017) found that the improvement in most nutrients of
digestion coefficients and nutritive value expressed as TDN and DCP with
mixture grass and Legumes silage may be due to the positive associative
effect between the two silages and improve the condition of the rumen
fermentation. These results seem to agree with those mentioned by Gabra
(1984); Soliman et al. (1997); Haggag et al. (2002) and Ibrahim et al.
(2012) with mixture forage (legume with grass).
Table (3): Digestion coefficients and nutritive values of tested ration
fed to male Zaraibi goats
Item
Treatments
G1 G2 G3
Digestion coefficients:
DM 63.50±0.70ab 65.12±0.56a 61.97±0.40b
OM 64.70±0.34b 67.20±0.51a 65.90±0.65ab
CF 55.75±1.10ab 57.21±0.40a 53.50±0.62b
CP 63.30±0.60b 66.35±0.63a 61.97±0.49b
EE 73.69±0.83b 77.40±0.53a 76.40±0.38a
NFE 68. 03±0.30b 72.10±0.93a 68.20±0.62b
Nutritive values %:
TDN 58.47±0.61b 62.96±0.44a 60.87±0.30b
DCP 9.79±0.09a 9.93±0.09a 9.10±0.08b
a-b: Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly at
(P<0.05).
Blood parameters:
The results in Table (4) indicated that all measured blood constituents
of Zaraibi kids (protein, albumin, globulin, urea-N, glucose, and creatinine)
were not significantly affected by the inclusion of Panicum in tested diets
indicating no adverse effects either on blood components or animal health,
in general, that could occur as a result of such treatment.
Table (4): Total protein, albumin, globulin, urea-N, glucose and
creatinine concentrations blood of Zaraibi kids fed
different experimental rations
Item
Treatments
G1 G2 G3
Total protein, g/100 ml 6.44±0.07 6.46±0.08 6.44±0.07
Albumin (A), g/100 ml 3.53±0.03 3.60±0.07 3.62±0.07
Globulin (G), g/100 ml 2.99±0.03 2.86±0.03 2.82±0.10
A/G ratio 1.18±0.01 1.26±0.03 1.28±0.06
Urea-N, mg/100 ml 19.20±0.70 18.30±0.50 17.60±0.80
Glucose, mg/100ml 60.65±1.40 63.20±1.03 61.10±1.85
Cereatinine, mg/100 ml 1.50±0.04 1.40±0.03 1.35±0.05
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 62
Also, the obtained results indicated that blood components
measured showed a slight difference due to the source of forages, while
all levels were within the normal ranges which had been reported by
Kaneko (1989) for healthy goats and the line with the finding of Haggag
et al. (2002) who used triticale and berseem forage and their mixture in
small ruminants rations.
Productive performance:
Productive performance of the growing Zaraibi kids (Table 5)
indicated that kids who fed mixture silage (G2) appeared to show higher
significant (P<0.05) live body weight and daily gain followed by animals
fed PMS (G3), while the lowest one was recorded for (G1) ration. These
results may be due to that animals fed G3 consumed high DMI and
recorded higher digestibility values of all nutrients and nutritive values as
TDN and DCP than those animals fed BS or PMS alone (G1 and G3).
Concerning, the feed conversion expressed as the amount intake of DM,
TDN and DCP to give one kg gain are shown in Table (5). The animals
fed (G2) appeared (P<0.05) better feed conversion expressed as Kg
DM/kg gain followed by G3, while G1 recorded the lowest values.
Similarly, the values of feed conversion expressed as TDN intake/kg gain
was better of kids fed PMS with BS (G2, 2.79) compared with those
other groups (G1, 2.83) and (G3, 2.88), however the significant
differences were not found. On the other hand, the animals fed (G1)
appeared (P<0.05) better feed conversion expressed as Kg DCP/kg gain
followed by G2, while G3 recorded the lowest values. These results are
in good agreement with those obtained by Bamigboye et al. (2014) that
they found the using of Panicum Mombasa had positive effects in feed
intake, daily weight gain, and feed efficiency. Furthermore, Jiwuba et al.
(2017) showed in a study on African goats, there was a significant
difference (P≤0.05) between the treatments, where the treatments fed on
Panicum by adding 10 and15% of the Moringa leaves were significantly
superior (P≤0.05) to the treatment fed on Panicum only. On the other
hand, Loresco et al. (2019) findings that showed there were no
significant differences between calves fed on Panicum and calves fed on
different grass, and Eyoh et al. (2019) which reported that feeding goats
on Panicum Mombasa in different forms (fresh, withered, silage and
straw) had no significant effect on final weight, daily weight gain and
feed conversion ratio. The obtained values of the feed conversion
expressed as the amount intake of DM, TDN and DCP to give one kg
gain are with the normal range given by Soliman et al. (1997) and
Ahmed et al. (2000) for male Zaraibi goats during growing period. In
this respect, Ahmed et al. (2003) found that the feed efficiency of
Zaraibi kids (ageing from 7-8 months) ranged from 4.31 to 5.92 kg
DM/kg gain.
63 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
Table (5): Productive performance and feed conversion of Zaraibi
kids fed the experimental rations
Item
Treatments
G1 G2 G3
No. of kids 10 10 10
Duration of trail, day 120 120 120
Av. initial body weight, kg 18.69±1.23 18.67±2.11 18.72±2.34
Av. Final body weight, 21.25±2.34c 25.76±3.12a 22.30±3.62b
Av. daily gain, g 177.08±15.68c 214.67±18.45a 185.83±14.18b
Feed conversion:
Kg DM/kg gain 4.84a 4.43b 4.74ab
Kg TDN/kg gain 2.83 2.79 2.88
Kg DCP/kg gain 0.474a 0.440ab 0.431b
a-b: Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly at
(P<0.05).
Physiological parameters:
Physiological response of Zaraibi kids to treatments was expressed
as changes in respiration rate (RR), rectum temperature (RT), pulse rate
(PR), and skin temperature (ST) as shown in Table (6) as well as the
amount of consumed water as presented in Table (2) in comparison with
the control group (G1). The obtained results indicated no significant
differences in respiration rate, pulse, and rectal and skin temperature.
Values detected among tested groups revealed that the animals were in
good health condition.
Table (6): The effect of using Panicum and berseem silage in Zaraibi
kids rations on physiological parameters
Item
Treatments
G1 G2 G3
Respiration rate, (RR) 20.54±2.30 19.70±3.20 20.10±2.55
Pulse rate, (PR) 81.65±5.80 81.80±6.02 82.05±3.90
Rectum temperature, (ST) 38.90±0.20 39.40±0.16 39.60±0.30
Skin temperature, (ST) 38.40±0.33 38.50±0.20 38.55±0.22
Puberty
Puberty age, scrotal circumference, and testes volume were
determined of meal Zaraibi kids fed tested rations shown in Table (7).
The results indicate that the G2 was the highest DM intake (952 g)
followed by G3 (881 g) while G1 was the lowest (857 g) as shown in
Table (2). The meal maintained on a high level of feeding had
significantly higher values of SC and TV (16.12, 15.10 cm and 64.55,
53.05 cm3) G2 and G3 respectively during the experimental period. The
reduction in (SC) with feed less is associated with general loss in the
mean BW. The current results are in agreement with Kheradmand et al.
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 64
(2006) who is found the high SC value with the high feeding level lends
support to the hypothesis that the growth of testis can be affected when
the animals are fed above their requirement. Similarly, (Mohamed and
Abdelatif, 2010; Behery et al., 2014) found that males which received a
higher plane of nutrition chiefly energy result in increased sexual
hormones so reflected on puberty age.
Table (7): Effect of tested rations on puberty age, scrotal
circumference and testes volume
Item
Treatments
G1 G2 G3
Age, days 188.2±1.01c 167.70±1.40a 176.50±1.22b
Scrotal circumference (SC), cm 13.51±0.39c 16.12±0.31a 15.10±0.40b
Testicular volume (TV), cm3 37.99±3.22c 64.55±4.11a 53.05±7.53b
a-b: Means in the same row with different superscripts differ significantly at
(P<0.05).
Economic efficiency:
Economic efficiency, estimated as the price of gained weight divided
by the cost of feed consumed is presented in Table (8). The data indicated
generally that the relative economic efficiency of feeding Zaraibi kids on the
different experimental rations show a reduction in feed cost/kg gain of
animals fed G2 followed by G3, while the highest one was recorded for
(G1) ration. From this, it becomes clear that using Panicum silage in kid's
diets reduced feed cost for every 1 kg gain (L.E). Therefore, the economic
efficiency was noticeably better for kids who fed mixture silage (G2, 4.08)
compared with other treatments. Generally, it also found that using a
mixture from BS and PMS in diets of growing male Zaraibi goats was the
best economic efficiency, as shown in Table (8).
Table (8): Economic efficiency of Zaraibi kids fed the experimental
rations
Item
Treatments
G1 G2 G3
Daily feed intake (g/h) as fed:
CFM 460 500 470
BS 1.200 - -
PMS - - 1.170
BS+PMS - 1.325 -
Av. daily DMI, g 1.660 1.825 1.640
Cost of consumed feed, L.E/h 2.440 2.631 2.447
Price of weight gain, L.E/h 8.854 10.734 9.292
Feed cost/kg gain L.E 13.78 12.26 13.17
Economic efficiency%* 3.63 4.08 3.80
Economic efficiency was calculated as total output/total input according to the
local prices (where 1 ton of CFM = 4000 L.E., berseem silage = 500 L.E., and one
ton from Panicum silage = 450 L.E. while 1kg live body weight of male Zaraibi
goats sold for = 50 L.E. (one United States Dollar (USD) = 15.64 Egyptian Pound
(L.E *= Price of weight gain / Cost of consumed feed.
65 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021
CONCLUSION
From the results of this experiment, it becomes clear that the use of
Panicum Mombasa has a positive effect on the productive performances
of kids goats, especially when mixed with different green legumes
forages as an Egyptian clover, in terms of dry matter intake, digestibility
and feeding value, feed conversion, daily gain and economic efficiency
makes it a diet of choice for production and reproduction performance.
Further studies are needed to evaluate the Panicum Mombasa
forage (hay, fresh, and silage) at the different levels as well as with other
different sources of protein, energy, and some feed additives with farm
animals.
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تأثير إستخدام السيلاج المصنوع من خميط البرسيم )البرسيم المصري( والبانيکوم
عمي الأداء الإنتاجي والتناسمي لجديان الماعز الزريبي
، وليد ماهر أمين صادق 1 ، محمد التابعي الخولانى 1، ماجد أحمد أبو العم ا رن 1
مني أحمد السيد فرج 1 ، ممدوح عمي السيد عمي 1و شريف عبد الغني محمد 2
-1 معهد بحوث الإنتاج الحيواني ، مرکز البحوث ال ز ا رعية ، الدقي ، الجيزة ، مصر
-2 قسم بحوث المحاصيل العمفية ، معهد بحوث المحاصيل ، مرکز البحوث ال ز ا رعية ، الدقي ، الجيزة ، مصر
تم إج ا رء هذا البحث لد ا رسة إمکانية استخدام السيلاج المصنع من البرسيم المصري
والبانيکوم مومباسا عمي الأداء الإنتاجي )المأکول ، معدل الزيادة في وزن الجسم ، التحويل
الغذائى ، بعض مقاييس الدم ، والکفاءة الاقتصادية( لذکور الماعز الزريبي. ثلاثون من الجديان
الزريبى تت ا روح أعمارهم بين 5 أشهر وبمتوسط وزن 16.81 کجم ، تم تقسيمهم إلي ثلاث
مجموعات متشابهة ) 11 حيوانات لکل منها( وفقًا لأعمارهم وأو ا زنهم. تم تغذية کل مجموعة
حيوانية بشکل عشوائي بالمعاملات التجريبية التالية: المجموعة الأولى )کنترول( تتکون من
والمجموعة الثانية تتکون من 51 % عمف )BS( %51 عمف مرکز + 51 % سيلاج البرسيم
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021 70
مرکز + 51 % سيلاج مصنع من ) 25 % سيلاج البرسيم + 25 % سيلاج البانيکوم( وأخي ا ر
المجموعة الثالثة عبارة عن 51 % عمف مرکز + 51 % سيلاج البانيکوم مومباسا وحسب
.NRC ( المقر ا رت الغذائيىة وفق اً ل ( 2007
لمحيوانات التي DCP, TDN, DM أشارت النتائج إلي أن متوسط المأکول لکلاً من
کانت أعمي تميها الحيوانات التي تغذت عمي سيلاج البانيکوم )G تتغذي عمي خميط السيلاج ) 2
کانت أقل. أظهرت )G في حين أن الحيوانات التي تغذت عمي سيلاج البرسيم ) 1 ، )G3(
لمحيوانات التي کانت تتغذي عمي TDN النتائج أن جميع معاملات الهضم والقيمة الغذائية ب
)BS( کانت أعمي من تمک الحيوانات التي تغذت عمي سيلاج البرسيم )G السيلاج المخموط ) 2
عمي حدي. لم تتأثر جميع مکونات الدم التي تم قياسها لجديان )PMS( أو سيلاج البانيکوم
الجموکوز ، والکرياتينين( بالمعاملات ، N- الماعز )البروتين ، الألبومين ، الجموبيولين ، اليوريا
ظهرت )G الغذائية المختبرة. أظهرت النتائج أيضا أن المجموعة التجربية التي تم تغذيتها ) 2
تحسناً في معدل النمو اليومي والکفاءة الاقتصادية بالمقارنة مع المعاملات الأخري. وکذلک
أشارت النتائج التي تم الحصول عميها إلي عدم وجود فروق معنوية في معدل التنفس والنبض
ودرجة ح ا ررة المستقيم والجمد. کما أشارت النتائج أيضا إلي أن الحيوانات التي تناولت کميات
کانت أعمي معنوياً في قيم محيط الصفن وحجم الخصية کما وجد أن )G کبيرة من العمف ) 2
إستخدام خميط من سيلاج البرسيم والبانيک وم في النظم الغذائية لنمو ذکور الماعز الزريبي کان
أفضل اقتصادية.
له تأثير إيجابي عمي )Panicum Mombasa( يمکن الاستنتاج أن استخدام البانيکوم
الأداء الإنتاجي والتناسمى لجديان الماعز خاصة عند الخمط مع الأنواع مختمفة من البقوليات
الخض ا رء مثل البرسيم المصري ، وذلک من حيث المأکول ، معاملات الهضم ، معدل النمو
اليومى والکفاءة الغذائية والاقتصادية مما يعد نظامًا غذائيًا مفضلا للأداء الإنتاجي والتناسمي
لمماعز.
71 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (5-6) 2021