YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME SUGAR BEET VARIETIES AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST DATE UNDER EL-MINIA GOVERNORATE CONDITION

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME SUGAR BEET
VARIETIES AS AFFECTED BY HARVEST DATE
UNDER EL-MINIA GOVERNORATE CONDITION
El-Bakary, H.M.Y.
Sugar Crops Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Giza, Egypt
Key Words: sugar beet varieties, harvest dates.
ABSTRACT
A field experiment was carried out at Malawi Research Station, El-
Minia governorate (latitude 28.10 o N, longitude 30.75 o E and altitude of
55 m above sea level) Egypt in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons to
evaluate the performance yield and quality of four multi-germ sugar beet
varieties namely (Dina, Belatos, Athos poly and Sirona) under three
harvesting dates being (180, 195 and 210) days from sowing. A splitplot
design with three replications was used in both seasons.
The results showed that harvesting sugar beet after 210 days from
sowing was the proper dates to obtain the highest root and foliage fresh
weights /plant, sucrose, extractable sugar percentages, quality index, root
and sugar yields/fed in both seasons. Compared to the other two dates
(180 and 195) days from sowing.
Sowing Sirona variety led to an increase in root and sugar
yields/fed than that recorded by Dina, Belatos and Athos poly varieties in
the 1st and 2nd season, respectively. On the other hand, the highest
values impurities (sodium and alpha-amino N contents) of Belatos and
Athos poly were recorded by Dina variety which attained the lower
values of potassium and sugar lost to molasses %.
Delaying harvesting Sirona variety up to 210 days recorded the
highest values of sucrose; extractable sugar percentages, root and sugar
yield/fed in both seasons. Harvesting Belatos and Athos poly varieties at
180 and 195 days achieved the highest values of impurities (sodium,
potassium and alpha-amino N contents) and sugar lost to molasses% in
both seasons.
INTRODUCTION
Sugar beet seeds sown in Egypt are imported and hence beet
varieties should be evaluated under the Egyptian conditions to select the
best varieties in respect to yield and quality traits. In this regard, Abd El-
Aal et al., (2010) revealed that a significant variation in yield
productivity and root quality among sugar beet varieties. Kawemira and
Gloria varieties gave the highest sugar yield followed by Nejma on the
other hand Lola exhibited the lowest sugar yield. Oscar poly, Carola,
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021 107-118
Raspoly, Kawemera and Mont Bianko were more responsive to added
nitrogen fertilizer. Shalaby et al., (2011) indicated that sugar beet
varieties gave a significant increase for root fresh weight (g/plant),
sucrose% as well as, root yield and sugar yield (tons/fed) in both seasons.
While, sodium%, potassium% decreased significantly in both seasons.
However, root diameter in the 2nd season only. The interaction was
significant in seasons for root fresh weight (Kg /plant, sucrose%, root and
sugar yield (tons/fed). Enan et al., (2016) indicated that the tested three
beet varieties differed significantly in the studied traits. They added that
the Polat variety showed superiority over the other two tested varieties
and recorded the highest values of root diameter, fresh, and top
weights/plant in both seasons. Meanwhile, insignificant differences were
found between Polat and Henrike varieties in root diameter and top fresh
weight/plant in the 1st season; root fresh weight/plant in the second one.
Moreover, insignificant differences among varieties were detected in
their impact on gross and corrected sugar yields/fed. Ahmed et al.,
(2017) stated sugar beet varieties differed significantly in all studied
traits. Hosam variety was superior in root length, root yield/fed and root
fresh weight/plant in both seasons. However, Kawemira variety had the
thickest root diameter and heaviest top fresh weight/fed in both seasons.
Sahar variety attained the highest values of sucrose and sugar yield/fed in
both seasons purity% in the 2nd one.Gobarah et al., (2019) indicated
that the variances due to sugar beet varieties were significant in all
studied traits. Ras-Poly variety recorded the highest values of root
dimension, fresh weight /plant, sucrose, purity, and recoverable sugar
percentages, as well as root and sugar yields/fed, followed by Dema-poly
and Gloria varieties in descending order in both seasons. While Gloria
variety produced the maximum top yield/fed. El-Mansuop et al., (2020)
reported that the Kawemira variety had the tallest, heaviest roots and
recorded the highest values of sucrose, extractable sugar percentages and
yields of root and sugar/fed, while it gave less sodium and alpha-amino N
contents.
Time of harvest is one of the main factors affecting yield and
quality expected root and sugar yields of sugar beet crop. Some sugar
beet genotypes have been promoted as high sugar content ones and are
adapted for early harvest. In this connection, Jozef yova et al., (2004)
reported that the postponement of the time of harvest by 27 days
increased average root yield by 11.35 t/ha. They also concluded that
white sugar yield increased by delay in harvest by 1.69 t/ha. Aly (2006)
harvested sugar beet at age of 180, 190 and 210 days and he found that
delaying harvest dates up to 210 days from sowing increased
significantly root diameter, sucrose%, root and sugar yields/fed.
Mahmoud et al., (2008) mentioned that the highest values of root and
108 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021
sugar yields/fed were obtained when sugar beet was harvested at 180-210
days after sowing. They added that varying varieties and harvesting dates
affected sucrose and juice purity percentage, root and sugar yields/fed.
Enan et al., (2011) reported that harvesting beet plants after 210 days
from sowing were the proper age to obtain the highest sucrose and purity
percentages as well root and sugar yields/fed. Shalaby et al., (2011)
delaying harvesting dates from 180 to 210 days from sowing
significantly increased root fresh weight(Kg)/plant, sucrose%, as well as
root and sugar yield (tons/fed). While, nitrogen%, sodium%, potassium%
were decreased significantly in both seasons. Harvesting dates at 195
days from sowing gave the highest values. Aly et al., (2012) and found
that late harvesting of sugar beet (210 days after sowing) gave the highest
root diameter, sucrose%, quality index, root (and sugar yields compared
with harvesting it at 180 days after sowing. Mohamed and Yasin (2013)
reported that delaying the harvesting date up to 210 days after sowing
significantly increased yields of root and sugar/fed, compared with 180
days. Ahmed et al., (2017) delaying harvesting from 180 up to 210 days
from sowing increased significantly root length, diameter and root fresh
weight/plant, sucrose%, root and sugar yields/fed in both seasons in the
1st season. Gadallah et al., (2017) indicated that delaying harvesting
from 180 up to 210 days from sowing increased significantly root
diameter, fresh weight/plant, sucrose%, root and sugar yield/fed in both
seasons. Nagib et al., (2018) showed that harvest age exhibited a
significant effect on most studied traits in both seasons. Beets harvested
age at 210 days after sowing surpassed those harvested earlier (180 days
after sowing) in most traits in both seasons, except sugar lost to
molasses% and alpha-amino-N content.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Field experiments was carried out at Malawi Research Station, El-
Minia governorate (latitude 28. 100 N, longitude 30.750 E and altitude of
55 m above sea level) Egypt in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons to
evaluate the performance of four multi-germ sugar beet varieties namely
(Dina, Belatos, Athos poly and Sirona) under three harvesting dates
being (180, 195 and 210) days from sowing. A split- plot design with
three replications was used in both seasons, where the main plots were
devoted for harvest dates while sugar beet varieties were randomly
distributed in the sub-plots. The plot area was 21.6 m2 including 6 ridges
of 6-m in length and 60-cm in width, with 20-cm hill spacing.
Phosphorous fertilizer was added in the form of superphosphate (15 %) at
the rate of 30 kg P2O5 /fed during seedbed preparation. Nitrogen fertilizer
was added in the form of ammonium nitrate (33.5% N) at the rate of 90
kg N/fed in two equal doses; after thinning (4 true leaf stage) and one
month later. Potassium fertilizer was added in the form of potassium
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021 109
sulfate (48%) at the rate of 48 kg K2O/fed with the second dose of
nitrogen fertilizer. The country of origin of the tested sugar beet varieties
is manifested in Table 1. As shown by Piper (1955), soil samples were
taken for mechanical and chemical analyses before sowing from a
location at 0-30 cm depth from soil surface according to A.O.A.C.
(2005) and all data were shown in Table (2).
Table 1: Country of origin and source* of the evaluated sugar beet
(Beta vulgaris var. saccharifera, L.) Varieties
Origin
Type of Seeds
Sugar beet Varieties
No. Company Country
1 Dina Multigerm Kuhn Netherland
2 Belatos Multigerm Semences France
3 Athos poly Multigerm Kuhn Netherland
4 Sirona Multigerm Desprez France
*Source: Sugar Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Table 2: Physical and chemical analysis of the experimental soil
El- Menia experimental site
Properties 2016/2017 2017/2018
Partial soil distribution
Sand % 8.65 9.35
Silt % 50.45 48.52
Clay % 40.90 42.13
Soil texture Silty Clay
EC (dS/m) 1.80 1.60
pH (1:2.5) 8.10 8.00
Organic matter % 1.22 1.18
Cations (meq/l)
Ca 9.78 8.45 **
Mg 2.72 2.75 **
Na 4.95 4.45 +
K 0.24 0.23 +
Anions (meq/l)
HCO 3 3.68 3.25
-
Cl 5.80 4.90 -
SO4 8.21 7.73 -
Available N (mg/kg soil) 39.10 40.35
Available P (mg/kg soil) 8.50 7.85
Available K (mg/kg soil) 175 180
Also, data of monthly maximum, minimum temperatures degrees
and relative humidity% were obtained from the meteorological stations
(Table 3).
110 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021
Table 3: Monthly air temperature
o
C and relative humidity % of El-
Minia Governorate in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 growing
seasons
Relative
humidity%
Temperature
o
C
Month
Maximum Minimum Average
2016-2017
Oct. 31.90 17.80 24.85 46.00
Nov. 26.20 13.30 19.75 48.90
Dec. 18.70 6.90 12.80 57.60
Jan. 18.10 4.70 11.40 52.40
Feb. 20.60 5.70 13.15 47.70
Mar. 25.20 9.70 17.45 36.90
Apr. 30.80 13.80 22.30 29.20
May. 35.30 18.50 26.90 26.30
2017-2018
Oct. 30.00 15.90 22.95 41.00
Nov. 24.60 10.90 17.75 48.40
Dec. 21.40 9.00 15.20 52.50
Jan. 18.35 7.60 12.98 63.73
Feb. 21.63 9.27 15.45 53.71
Mar. 21.97 8.13 15.05 38.40
Apr. 23.09 8.37 15.73 40.00
May. 24.67 11.80 18.24 35.17
*Source: report, Agro meteorological data ARC, Giza Egypt
The recorded data:
At harvest, a sample of ten plants was randomly collected from the
middle rows of each plot to determine the following traits:
A- Vegetative qualities:
1. Root length (RL) (cm).
2. Root fresh weight (RFW) (Kg/plant).
3- Top fresh weight (T FW) (Kg/plant)
B- Quality and chemical constituents:
Samples of the twenty roots were randomly taken sent to
Laboratory at Abu Qurqas Sugar Factory Egypt according to the
procedures of Sugar Company. By Automated Analyzer, as described by
Brown and Lilliand (1964). Alpha-amino-N was determined using
Hydrogenation method according to Carruthers et al., (1962).
1. Sucrose percentage (Pol %) (S%) was estimated in fresh samples of
sugar beet roots, using polar metrically according to the method
described in A.O.A.C. (2005). Le-Docte (1927).
2. Impurities of juice, in terms of Sodium (Na) and Potassium (K)
concentrations were estimated as meq /100g beet while α-amino N (A
N) was determined using ninhydrin hydrindantin” method according
to the method Cooke and Scott (1993)
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021 111
3. Extracted sugar % (ES %) was calculated using the following
equation according to Cooke and Scott (1993)
Extracted sugar % = (Pol %- 0.29) - 0.343*(K + Na) - - amino N *
(0.0939)
4. Sugar loss to molasses % (SLM %) = (K+Na) *0.343+ (&N*0.094)
+0.29.
5. Juice quality index (QI %) was calculated according to Cooke and
Scott (1993)
QI% = Quality index% = extracted sugar % (%)/Pol×100. using the
following equation:
6. Root yield/fed (RY) (ton), which were determined on sub plot weight
(kg) and converted to tons/fed.
7. Sugar yield/fed (SY) (ton) was calculated according to the following
method of Devillers (1988): Sugar yield/fed (ton) = root yield/fed
(ton) x extracted sugar % / 100
Statistical analysis:
All obtained data were statistically analyzed according to the
technique of analysis of variance (ANOVA) for A split-plot design as
published by Gomez and Gomez (1984) using (MSTAT-c) computer
software package. The least significant difference (LSD) was used to test
the differences between treatment means at 5% level of probability as
described by Snedecor and Cochran (1981).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
I. The varietal effect:
Data in Table 4 revealed that the tested sugar beet varieties differed
significantly in all studied traits in the 1st and 2nd season except alphaamino
N trait the 1st season. Sugar beet Sirona variety surpassed the other
varieties in root and top fresh weights/plant, sucrose, extractable sugar
percentages and as well root and sugar yields/fed, while Dina variety was
superior in root length in both seasons. Planting Sirona variety led to an
increase in root yield/fed amounted to (0.21, 1.66 and 0.76--ton
roots/fed) and (0.45, 1.97 and 1.18 -ton roots/fed) than that recorded by
Dina, Belatos and Athos poly varieties in the 1st season and 2nd season,
respectively. At the same time, the values of sugar yield/fed had the same
tendency where it, amounted to (0.19, 0.51 and 0.31-ton sugar/fed) and
(0.12, 0.54 and 0.40 ton-sugar/fed) than that recorded by Dina, Belatos
and Athos poly varieties in the 1st and 2nd season, respectively. On the
other hand, the lower values of sodium, potassium and alpha-amino N
contents were recorded by Dina and Sirona but, in the second one, Dina
variety attained the lower values of potassium while the Sirona variety
gave the lowest values of sodium and alpha-amino N. These results could
be due to the variations among the tested varieties in these traits might be
112 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021
due to their gene make-up. This finding is in harmony with that obtained
by Enan et al., (2016) and Gobarah et al., (2019).
Table 4: Effect of growth, yield and quality traits for sugar beet
varieties in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons
2016/2017 season
Quality traits
SLM
%
Impurities content
(meq/100 g beet)
Yields/fed
(ton)
Characters Growth traits
S% ES% QI%
α-
AN
K Na
SY
((fed)
RY
(fed)
RL
(cm)
TFW
(Kg)
RFW
(Kg)
Varieties
Dina 1.184 0.245 31.04 24.19 3.51 4.14 2.28 4.49 2.92 17.41 14.49 83.24
Belatos 1.123 0.218 30.11 22.74 3.19 3.92 2.78 4.23 2.99 16.99 14.00 82.42
Athos poly 1.166 0.257 29.19 23.64 3.39 3.87 2.53 4.30 2.89 17.22 14.33 83.20
Sirona 1.207 0.269 28.42 24.40 3.70 3.12 2.31 3.96 2.53 17.69 15.16 85.70
LSD at 5% 0.014 0.008 1.079 0229 0.043 0.210 0.154 NS 0.100 0.124 0.187 0.637
2017/2018 season
Dina 1.164 0.214 27.22 23.66 3.47 3.00 2.27 4.27 2.50 17.14 14.64 85.40
Belatos 1.092 0.204 26.99 22.14 3.05 3.83 2.69 4.29 2.93 16.73 13.80 82.42
Athos poly 1.157 0.213 26.08 22.93 3.19 3.96 2.60 4.18 2.93 16.84 13.91 82.55
Sirona 1.218 0.239 25.83 24.11 3.59 3.70 2.15 4.13 2.69 17.58 14.89 84.72
LSD at 5% 0.02 0.01 0.88 0.11 0.05 0.19 0.10 0.26 0.09 0.12 0.17 0.54
II. Harvesting date effect:
The results shown in Table 5 illustrated that delaying harvest dates
from 180 to 195 and 210 days from sowing gradually and significantly
increased root fresh weight/plant, yields of root and sugar/fed, sucrose,
extractable sugar percentages and quality index in both seasons. The
increments in root and sugar yields/fed amounted to (3.33%, 2.37%-ton
roots/fed) and (10.98%, 6.43%-ton sugar/fed) respectively, in 1st season
compared with that those recorded when harvesting beets after180 and
195 days. However, these increases were (2.34%, 2.04%ton roots/fed)
and (11.67%, 8.26 %-ton sugar/fed) successively in 2nd season, compared
with that those recorded by harvesting sugar beet plants after the earlier
and middle date (180 and 195 days). These results may be due to the
relative advantage of increasing duration to harvest on some mention
traits could be attributed to more dry matter accumulation with the
advance of plant age (Enan et al., 2011). Moreover, harvesting beet
plants at age of 180 days resulted in the highest values of top fresh
weights/plant, root length and potassium, sodium and alpha-amino N
contents, as well as, sugar lost to molasses % compared to their harvested
at 210 days from sowing in both seasons. These results show that
delaying the harvesting date reducing impurities, hence significantly
improved the quality index of sugar beet roots in addition to this result is
probably due to the increase in sucrose% as plant age to harvest
increased. These results are in agreement with those reported by
(Mohamed and Yasin, 2013 and Gadallah et al., 2017)
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021 113
Table 5: Effect of harvesting date on growth, yield and quality traits
in2016/2017 and 2017/2018 seasons
2016/2017 season
Quality traits
SLM
%
Impurities content
(meq/100 g beet)
Yields/fed
(ton)
Characters Growth traits
S% ES% QI
α-
AN
K Na
SY
(fed)
RY
(fed)
RL
(cm)
TFW
(Kg)
RFW
(Kg)
Harvesting
dates
180 1.137 0.273 31.20 23.41 3.28 4.09 2.69 4.79 3.07 17.06 13.99 82.02
195 1.177 0.239 30.88 23.63 3.42 3.74 2.53 4.34 2.85 17.30 14.45 83.50
210 1.195 0.229 26.99 24.19 3.64 3.46 2.21 3.60 2.57 17.62 15.05 85.39
LSD at 5% 0.012 0.011 0.878 0.140 0.030 0.122 0.143 0.219 0.059 0.080 0.117 0.378
2017/2018 season
180 1.128 0.230 28.13 23.01 3.17 4.07 2.58 4.71 3.01 16.75 13.74 81.99
195 1.160 0.215 27.02 23.08 3.27 3.68 2.48 4.43 2.81 16.98 14.17 83.40
210 1.184 0.208 24.45 23.55 3.54 3.13 2.24 3.52 2.46 17.48 15.02 85.92
LSD at 5% 0.01 0.01 0.66 0.09 0.03 0.14 0.08 0.20 0.06 0.09 0.12 040
III. Significant Interaction effect:
Concerning the interaction between plant age at harvest date and
varieties in Table 6, the results showed that top fresh weight/plant,
sucrose, extractable sugar percentages, quality index and sugar yield/fed
as well as the impurities in terms of potassium, sodium, alpha-amino N
and sugar lost to molasses% in the first season.
The difference at harvested date 180 days from sowing Sirona
variety surpassed the other varieties in top fresh weight followed Dena,
Athos poly and Belatos varieties in the 1st season respectively. At harvest
date, 195-day Athos poly was superior in top fresh weight at harvest date
210-day Dina and Sirona varieties wave superior in top fresh weight
compared to the other varieties.
Sirona variety recorded the lowest value of potassium% at all
harvesting date compared to the other varieties.
The difference in sodium and alpha-amino N contents of Dina, Sirona
and Athos poly varieties were insignificant when harvested in 210 days, or
the difference in alpha-amino N contents among Dina, Sirona and Athos
poly did not reach to significant when at harvest date 210 day from sowing.
For sugar lost to molasses%, it could be noted that the difference
among Athos poly, Dina and Belatos varieties were insignificant when
harvested at 180 and 195 days from sowing. Sirona variety recorded the
lowest value of sugar lost to molasses% followed Athos poly, Dina and
Belatos varieties.
Delaying harvest age from 180 to 195 and 210 days gradually
increased sucrose, extractable sugar percentages and quality index when
harvesting all tested varieties.
Harvesting Sirona variety at 210 days recorded the highest values
of sucrose, extractable sugar percentages, sugar yield/fed. The
114 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021
differences between varieties may be due to the gene make-up and
surround climate (Table 3) as well as the balance of elements in the
experimental soil (Table 2). These results are in line with that obtained
by Ahmed et al. (2017) and Nagib et al., (2018).
Table 6: Effect of the interaction between harvesting dates and
varieties on same traits of sugar beet in 2016/2017 season
2016/2017 season
Quality traits
SLM
%
Impurities content
(meq/100 g beet)
Yields/fed
(ton)
Characters Growth traits
S% ES% QI
α-
AN
K Na
SY
((fed)
RY
(fed)
RL
(cm)
TFW
(Kg)
RFW
(Kg)
Harvesting
dates
180 1.137 0.273 31.20 23.41 3.28 4.09 2.69 4.79 3.07 17.06 13.99 82.02
195 1.177 0.239 30.88 23.63 3.42 3.74 2.53 4.34 2.85 17.30 14.45 83.50
210 1.195 0.229 26.99 24.19 3.64 3.46 2.21 3.60 2.57 17.62 15.05 85.39
LSD at 5% 0.012 0.011 0.878 0.140 0.030 0.122 0.143 0.219 0.059 0.080 0.117 0.378
2017/2018 season
180 1.128 0.230 28.13 23.01 3.17 4.07 2.58 4.71 3.01 16.75 13.74 81.99
195 1.160 0.215 27.02 23.08 3.27 3.68 2.48 4.43 2.81 16.98 14.17 83.40
210 1.184 0.208 24.45 23.55 3.54 3.13 2.24 3.52 2.46 17.48 15.02 85.92
LSD at 5% 0.01 0.01 0.66 0.09 0.03 0.14 0.08 0.20 0.06 0.09 0.12 040
The results in Table 7 indicated that the interaction between
harvesting date and varieties exerted a significant effect on the root and top
fresh weights/plant, sucrose%, extractable sugar %, quality index, root and
sugar yields/fed as well, potassium, sodium, alpha-amino N and sugar lost to
molasses% in the 1st and 2nd season.
Sirona variety recorded the highest weight harvest dates compared to
the other varieties while Belatos variety attained the lowest value of root
fresh weight. The results cleared that the difference in root fresh
weight/plant of Dina and Athos poly varieties was insignificant when
harvested at ages of 195 and/or 210 days.
At the same time, the difference in top fresh weight/plant of Belatos
and Athos poly varieties were insignificant when harvested at ages of 195
and 210 days.
Sirona, Dina and Belatos varieties attained the highest root and the
difference between them did not reach to a significant level.
Sirona variety surpassed the other Varieties in root yield at all
harvesting dates.
For quality traits, it is noticed the Dina and Sirona varieties recorded
the highest values of sucrose%, extractable sugar % and, quality at harvest
date 210 days from sowing and the difference between them did not reach to
the significant level.
Generally delaying plant age at harvesting up to 210 days positively
increased root, top fresh weights/plant, sucrose% extractable sugar %,
quality index, root and sugar yields/fed as well as, the lowest values of
Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021 115
sodium, potassium, alpha-amino N contents and sugar lost to molasses%
when harvested Sirona variety had harvested in 210 days from sowing in the
2nd season. These results are in harmony with those obtained by Mahmoud
et al., (2008), Shalaby et al., (2011) and Alyet al., (2012).
Table 7: Effect of the interaction between harvesting dates and
varieties on same traits of sugar beet in 2017/2018 season
Quality traits
SLM
%
Impurities content
(meq/100 g beet)
Yields/fed
(ton)
Characters Growth traits
S% ES% QI
α-
AN
RY/fed) K Na
RL
(cm)
TFW
(Kg)
RFW
(Kg)
varieties
Harvestin
g dates
1.135 0.210 29.17 23.33 3.80 2.03 4.53 2.72 16.75 14.03 83.78
Dina
180 day
195 day 1.178 0.227 27.15 23.38 2.77 2.57 4.17 2.51 17.10 14.59 85.32
210 day 1.178 0.205 25.34 24.28 2.43 2.20 4.10 2.37 17.57 15.31 87.12
1.045 0.230 28.59 22.46 4.00 3.50 4.63 3.30 16.30 13.00 79.77
Belatos
180 day
195 day 1.107 0.190 27.67 21.92 3.97 2.27 4.87 2.88 16.61 13.72 82.62
210 day 1.123 0.192 24.72 22.03 3.53 2.32 3.37 2.61 17.27 14.66 84.87
1.158 0.235 27.57 22.61 4.37 2.63 5.03 3.16 16.45 13.29 80.77
Athos
poly
180 day
195 day 1.158 0.205 26.54 23.10 3.97 2.87 4.33 3.04 16.67 13.63 81.75
210 day 1.155 0.200 24.13 23.09 3.53 2.30 3.43 2.59 17.40 14.81 85.12
1.175 0.235 27.18 23.63 4.10 2.13 4.63 2.86 17.52 14.65 83.66
Sirona
180 day
195 day 1.198 0.240 26.71 23.90 4.00 2.20 4.33 2.82 17.56 14.74 83.92
210 day 1.280 0.243 23.61 24.81 3.00 2.12 3.17 2.26 17.66 15.29 86.58
LSD at 5% 0.03 0.01 1.31 0.17 0.28 0.16 0.40 0.13 0.18 0.25 0.80
CONCLUSION
Based on this, it is recommended to harvest the Sirona variety after
210 days of planting to obtain the maximum yields of root and sugar/fed
under El-Minya conditions.
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تأثير ميعاد الحصاد عمي حاصل وجوده بعض أصناف بنجر السکر
تحت ظروف محافظة المنيا
حمدي محمد يوسف البقري
معيد بحوث المحاصيل السکرية - مرکز البحوث الز ا رعية – جيزة – مصر.
2013/ أقيمت تج ربو حقمية في محطة بحوث مموي بمحافظة المنيا في موسمي 2012
2014 و لد ا رسو استجابو اربعو أصناف عديد الأجنة من بنجر السکر ىي )دينا ، / و 2013
بيلاتوس ، أتوس بولي ، سيرونا( لثلاثة مواعيد حصاد ) 140 يومًا و 151 يومًا و 210 يومًا(
لتقييميا في ظل ظروف محافظو المنيا .تم استخدام تصميم القطع المنشقة في ثلاث مکر ا رت.
- أظيرت النتائج المتحصل عمييا أن حصاد بنجر السکر بعد 210 يوم من الز ا رعة کان
الميعاد المناسب لمحصول عمى أعمى قطر ووزن الجذر ووزن العرش / نبات ونسبة السکروز
ونسبة السکر القابل للإستخ ا رج، مؤشر الجودة وحاصل الجذور والسکر/فدان في کلا
الموسمين.
- أدت ز ا رعة صنف سيرونا إلى زيادة حاصل الجذور والسکر / فدان عن تمک التي سجمتيا
أصناف دينا ، بيلاتوس وأثوس بولي في الموسم الأول والموسم الثاني عمى التوالي، کما
سجل صنف سيرونا أقل القيم لمحتويات الصوديوم والألاا أمينو نتروجين في الموسم الثاني.
- أدي حصاد صنف سيرونا حتى 210 يوم أعمى قيم لمسکروز ، نسب السکر المستخمص
وحاصلا الجذور والسکر / فدان في کلا الموسمين. فضلا عن إنخااض نسبة الشوائب في
الموسم الثاني مقارنو بمواعيد الحصاد الأخري.
- تم الحصول عمى أعمى القيم لمحتوى الشوائب البوتاسيوم والصوديوم والسکر الماقود في
المولاس( من صنف بيلاتوس وأثوس بولي في الموسمين .
تحت ظروف ىذا البحث يوصي بز ا رعة الصنف سيرونا وحصاده بعد 210 يوم من
الز ا رعة لمحصول عمى أعمى قيم لممحصول والجودة من بنجر السکر .
118 Egypt. J. of Appl. Sci., 36 (3) 2021