PERCENTAGE OF INFESTATION BY SMALL CANE WORM CHILO AGAMEMNON (BLES.)TO SUGAR CANE CROP CULTIVARS (C9/54) AT SOME DIFFERENT LOCALITIES OF MIDDLE AND UPPER EGYPT GOVERNORATES DURING 2017/ 2018 SEASONS

PERCENTAGE OF INFESTATION BY SMALL CANE WORM CHILO AGAMEMNON (BLES.)TO SUGAR CANE CROP CULTIVARS (C9/54) AT SOME DIFFERENT LOCALITIES OF MIDDLE AND UPPER EGYPT GOVERNORATES DURING 2017/ 2018 SEASONS.

Abd EL Razek N.A. ;A. A.Taman andM.S.I.Shalaby

Plant Protection Research Institute, Agriculture Research Center, Dokki, Egypt.

ABSTRACT

The studies were carried out to determine the percentages of infestation by Chiloagammemnon (Bles.) infested sugarcane crop at five Governorates of middle and Upper Egypt (Mimya; Sohag; Quuna; Luxor and Asswan) in 2017 and 2018 sugarcane (C. 9/54 commercial Varity) seasons. During harvest period, in February, several sample each of approximately 200 plants where cleaned and carefully examined where the numbers of broken and infested mind recorded. Data concerned % infestation which include (infested and broken mind) indicated three level of infestation by C. agamemnon . first level infestation occur in the two season of study at Minya (Abu Qirqas) and Sohag (Girga) governorates where the % infestation were 5.66 and 7.4 % in the first season and were 6.67 and 7.27% in the second season ,respectively. Data indicated significant lower in the infestation at Minya and Sohag than all the other localities of studies.The second level of infestation is the moderate one which include localities of NagahHammadi: Dishna and KomOmbo recorded percentages of infestation 9.46: 9.52 and 9.19 in the first season for the three localities, respectively. The same trend occur in the second season of study where the recorded % infestations were 9.58: 9.82 and 9.28 % by means of 714: 843.75 and 867 , for the three localities, respectively.the highest % infestation in both of the two seasons of study occurs at Quus: Armant and Edfo. The obtained results concerning the % infestation of first season of study, resulted in13.51 and 13.63% infestation at Quus in the two seasons, respectively. Plants of Armant localities, came in the second order among category of high infestation where the recorded numbers of infested mind and broken mind were 3463 and 199, respectively, by 11.63% infestation in first seasons. While in the second season they were 4171 and 239 by 11.76 % infestation, respectively.Edfo, occupied the third order of high infestation by 10.33% infestation in the two years of studies. Insignificant deference could be observed between the infestations in the three localities of Quus: Armant and Edfo. Also, such data, indicated significant difference between infestations at Quus: Armant and Edfo with all other localities.

INTRODUCTION

Sugarcane is one of the most important sources of sugar production that should be grown in large scale in tropical and sub-tropical countries. In Egypt sugarcane is the second most important economic crop, (Darwish, 1979) in addition to producing black honey, fresh juice and several chemical by products. The area  cultivated about 312 thousand feddans, about 80% of them are concentrated around sugarcane mills in middle and upper Egypt, produce about one million ton sugar represents about 70% of  total locally sugar production (1.4 million ton), (Besheitetal., 2002).

Lesser sugarcane borer, Chiloagamemnon (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is the most serious pest on sugarcane plantations in Middle and Upper Egypt (Khedr, 1981;Tohamy,1999; Mohmod, 2000 and El-Hadery, 2001). This pest causes damage, where it lays eggs on the leaves and their larvae borrows into the plant joints making holes and internal tunnels vary in length. Also, the entrance and exit holes offer entry points for red rat and other pathogenic plant fungi, which may cause serious deterioration of the quality and quantity of juice extracted. In addition, this insect causes dead tops and commonly girdled the stalks due to its circular feeding, which usually leads to broken plants (Embaby, 1996).

These symptoms affect the yield in sugarcane where size and weight of stalks, as well as the amount of juice in the cane are decreased.

This work aimed to evaluate the Chiloagamemnon infestation on sugarcane plants in five locations in the field of production in Middle and Upper Egypt and to know the rate of infestation in these regions by C. agamemnon.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

            The present study was carried out at five region in different governorates in Middle and Upper Egypt, during two, successive seasons 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, Abu Qirqas (Minyagov.), Girga (Sohaggov.), NagahHammadi, Dishna and Qous (Quenagov.), Armant (Luxor gov.), Edfo and KomOmbo (Asswangov.) to evaluated susceptibility of C9/54 sugarcane variety to the infestation with C. agamemnon, dominant commercial variety following measurements have been made

        1- Estimate the levels injury to the sugar cane crop by- estimate the percentage of different injuries from a pierced mind and circular spending caused by this pest in crops in the five region, which includes eight factories as shown in tables (1and 2).

, Samples were taken at random of the field at harvest time by using commercial variety of sugar cane C.9/54. Each sample is a heap of about 2000 of clean canes ready to be transferred to the immediately after harvesting to avoid the inversion of sucrose into mono saccharides. Broken canes due to infestation as result of circular feeding were examined at separate intervals depending on each factory. And it was examined 100 samples of crops (20 stokes for sample) in the department of each of the eight factories so that they were representative of all regions as well as all different ages of reeds (spring planting - autumn - and different successive successions). The sticks were cleaned from their papers and apparently examined, and the following data were recorded: -

1- The total number of each stick, as the sample contains 20 sticks of reeds.

2- The number of cuttings with visible holes.

3- The number of the broken mind as a result of the circular tunnels by the action of pest.

   After that, the following percentages were calculated: -

1- Percentage of injury (perforated mind and circular tunnels).

2- The average injury for each factory separately.

3- Estimating the percentage of reduction in the crop as a result of this lesion.       

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

From data presented in Tables (1 and 2), it is clear that in the two season of study, the % infestation which include (infested mind and broken mind) could be classified into three categories. The first level included the lowest % infestation by C.   agamemnon observed at Minya and Sohag governorates where the recorded % infestation were 5.66 and 7.40 % by means of 487.5 and 559 in the first season of study, respectively. The same trend was also observed during the second season of study were the % infestation recorded were 6.67 and 7.27 by means of 508 and 574.25, respectively. These data showed insignificant in the infestation between the two localities while they were significantly lower in the infestation compared to the other localities of study.

The second level of infestation is the moderate one whichincludelocalities of NagahHammadi: Dishna and KomOmborecorded percentages of infestation 9.46: 9.52 and 9.19 in the first season for the three localities, respectively. The same trend occur in the second season of study where the recorded % infestations were 9.58: 9.82 and 9.28 % by means of 714: 843.75 and 867, for the three localities, respectively.

From the formerly mentioned results, it could be deduced that insignificant difference in the infestation observed between the three localities in two seasons of study. On the other hands, plants of the second category level of infestation were significantly higher than those of the first category levels.

Table (1):Percentages of infestation by C. agamemnon / 200 tested sugar cane plants (C.9/54. Var.)in different localities at middle and upper Egypt during 2016/2017 season.

Table (2):Percentages of infestation by C. agamemnon / 200 tested sugar cane plants (C.9/54. Var.)in different localities at middle and upper Egypt during 2017/2018 season.

The remaining localities those of Quus: Armant and Edfo recorded the highest % infestation in both of the two seasons of study. The obtained results concerning the % infestation of first season of study, resulted in 3665 infected mind and 335 broken mind / 100 plants, indicated 13.51 % infestation at Quus localities. Data of the second season showed similar trend as in the first season where the number of infected mind was 4059 and 304 for the broken mind indicated 13.63 % infestation. Plants of Armant localities, came in the second order among category of high infestation where the recorded numbers of infested mind and broken mind were 3463 and 199, respectively, by 11.63% infestation in first seasons. While in the second season they were 4171 and 239 by 11.76 % infestation, respectively.

Edfo, occupied the third order of high infestation by 10.33% infestation in the two years of studies. Insignificant deference could be observed between the infestations in the three localities of Quus: Armant and Edfo. Also, such data, indicated significant difference between infestations at Quus: Armant and Edfo with all other localties.

The obtained result agree with Abu-Dooh (1980) who reported that, there were positive correlation between holes of sugarcane stalk and extend of bored joints and no apparent relationship between the infestation of stalks and resistant varieties with high percentage of sucrose. Also the same other in (1997) found that, there was a positive correlation between the incidence and intensity of attack by C. agamemnon in sugarcane (var. GT.9/54) and a negative correlation between pest incidences and can yield.

Embaby (1998) found that, the percentage of broken stalk was ranged between 5.33to 18.03% according to plant season and

Besheitet al (1998) found that, all varieties including the commercial one suffered less than 10% bored joints in the plant cane and one ratoon except G84/68, 85/231and 85/258 which recorded 10.68%, 15.38% and 17.22% bored joints, respectively.

Negmet al (1974) reported that, no commercial sugarcane variety being grown in Egypt is able to escape commercially damaging borer infestation during the crop season.

Khder (1981) estimated the average loss in sugar yield due to C. agamemnon infestation with about 15.16%.

Tohamy (1999) mentioned that, G96/94 sugarcane variety was moreresistant to attack by PLB according to present bored joints, girdled stalk, dead top, feeding and exit holes than G.9/54 and G.88/68.

This opinion agree with Yakope (2005), who found that, bored stalks and bored joints percentage caused by PLB attack (C. agamemnon) increased gradually from July to reach its peak on Oct. 15 (81.18% and 15.17%) for plant cane and on Sep. 15 (78.43% and 17.05%) for the first ratoon, thereafter, constant reduction was observed up to harvest.

All the new verities showed relative higher degree of tolerant to stalk borer attack except G95/19 than the commercial variety GT. 59/9. Hassaninand El-Naggar (1971).

REFERENCES

Abu-Dooh, A. M. (1980) :Varietal resistance of certain sugarcane borer. M. Sc. Thesis fac. Agric. Assut Univ. Egypt,.

Besheit, S.Y. ; A.M. Abu-Dooh; M.K. Ali and H.A. Abd-Elkareem (1998): Evaluation and borer sensitivity of some new Egyptian promising sugarcane varieties. Egypt. J.Agric. Res., 76 (1): 191-202.

Besheit, S.Y.; A.M.Abo El Wafa ;A.S. Abo El Hamed and M.A. Bekheet (2002):Quality and productivity of sugar beet as affected by intercropping onion in variousdensities. Al Azher J. Agric. Res., 36:87-101.

Darwish, Y.Y.I. (1979): Fertilizer requirements of sugarcane in Komombo. M. Sc.Thesis, Alex. Univ. pp119.

El-Hadery, W.A.S. (2001): Studies on the sugarcaneborerC. agamemnon(Bles.) in Sohag governorate. M. Sc. Thesis, Fac. Agric., Minia Univ. Egypt.   

El-Naggar, M.Z. (1968):Studies on Sugar-cane borer in upper Egypt . M.Sc.Thesis Faculty of Agric.Assiut University.

Embaby, M.M. (1998): Ecological and biological approaches in an attempt to face the problem of the purple lined borer, C. agamemnon(Bles.)in thesugarcane Production areas of Egypt. Ph. D. thesis, Fac. Agric., Minia Univ.

Hassanin, M.H. and M.Z. El-Naggar (1971): Susceptibly of certain sugarcane plant verities to borer infestation in Egypt. Bull. Soc. Ent. D Egypt.,55: 427-439.  

Khedr, G.E. (1981): Certain ecological studies on sugar–cane borers in upper Egypt. Ph.D. Thesis, Fac of Agric.AL-AzharUniverisity 134pp.

Mohmod, H.H. (2000): Ecological and control studiesin the lesser sugarcane borer C. agamemnon(Bles.) in sugarcane fields M. Sc. Thesis Cairo Univ. Pp75.

Negm, A.A.; A.N. El-Syed; M.F. Abo-Jhadirand A.G. Salman (1974): Differential responses of certain sugarcane varieties and strains to damage by the purple-lined sugarcane borer C. agamemnon(Bles.) proc. 2^nd Entomol. Pest Conf. Congr. Alexandria, 393-405.

Tohamy, H.T. (1999): Ecologicalstudies on certain sugarcane pests in Middle Egypt, Ph. D., Thesis, Fac. Agric., Minia Univ. Egypt.

Yakope, R.S. (2005): Relative susceptibility of some new promising sugarcane varieties to the stalk borer Chiloagamemnon (Bles.) (Lipidoptera: Pyralidae), M. Sc. Thesis Cairo Univ., Pp 243.

النسبه المئویه للإصابه بدودة القصب الصغری Chiloagammemnon(Bles) علی صنف قصب السکر (C9/54)فی بعض المواقع المختلفه فی محافظات مصر الوسطی والعلیا خلال موسمی ( 2017،2018)

نادر أبو زید عبدالرازق-أحمد عبد الرحمن طمان -محمد سید إبراهیم شلبی -     

معهد بحوث وقایة النباتات – مرکز البحوث الزراعیة – الدقی – الجیزة

أجریت الدراسات لتحدید النسب المئویة للإصابة بددة القصب الصغری Chiloagammemnon (Bles.) فی خمس محافظات بصعیدمصر الوسطی والعلیا (المنیا ، سوهاج ، قنا ، الأقصر وأسوان) خلال موسمی(2017 و 2018) علی صنف قصب السکر التجاری (C. 9 / 54.)

خلال الحصاد ، فی شهر  فبرایر ، تم أخذ عدة عینات مکونه من ( 200) نبات تقریبًا حیث تم تنظیفها وفحصها بعنایة و تم تسجیل أعداد العقل المکسور والمصابه. وقد أشارت البیانات المعنیة الی ان نسبة الإصابة التی تشمل (العقل المصابة  والعقل المکسور) قسمت إلى ثلاثة مستویات فی الإصابة بواسطة C.agamemnon.

المستوی الأولى فی الموسم الزراعی الاول  بمحافظتی المنیا (أبو قرقاص) وسوهاج (جرجا) حیث بلغت نسبة الإصابة 5.66٪ و 7.4٪ فی الموسم الأول و 6.67٪ و 7.27٪ فی الموسم الثانی على التوالی. أظهرت البیانات انخفاضا معنویا فی الإصابة فی المنیا وسوهاج مقارنة بجمیع مناطق الدراسه الأخرى. المستوى الثانی للإصابة وهو متوسط الذی یشمل مناطق (نجع حمادی ، دشنا وکوم أمبو) سجلت نسب الإصابة بنسبة 9.46: 9.52 و 9.19 فی الموسم الأول للمواقع الثلاث على التوالی. و سلکت نفس الاتجاه فی الموسم الثانی من الدراسة حیث کانت النسبة المئویة للإصابة المسجلة 9.58: 9.82 و 9.28٪ عن طریق 714،843و

867 للمواقع الثلاث على التوالی.  المستوی الثالث أعلى نسبة إصابة فی موسمی الدراسة تحدث فی: (أرمنت ،قوص وادفو). حیث أظهرت النتائج المتحصل علیها عن نسبة اصابه 13.51% و 13.63٪ فی قوص فی الموسمین على التوالی. جاءت نباتات مواقع أرمنت فی المرتبة الثانیة بین فئة الإصابة العالیة حیث کانت الأعداد المسجلة للعقل المصاب والعقل المکسور 3463 و 199 على التوالی ، بنسبة 11.63 ٪ من الإصابة فی المواسم الأولى. بینما فی الموسم الثانی کانت 4171 و 239 بنسبة الإصابة 11.76٪ على التوالی. احتلت ادفو المرتبة الثالثة فی الإصابة العالیة بنسبة 10.33٪ فی عامی الدراسة. یمکن ملاحظة اختلاف ضئیل بین الإصابة فی المواقع الثلاثة من (أرمنت ،قوص وادفو).. أیضا ، أشارت البیانات إلى اختلاف کبیر بین الإصابة فی (أرمنت ،قوص وادفو). مع جمیع المواقع الأخرى.